Figure 4

Down-regulation of pathogenic cytokines by GCSE treatment. (A) Draining lymph node CD4+ T cells from each treatment group were stimulated with PMA (50 ng/ml)/ionomycin (1 μM) for 4 hrs. Relative cytokine levels of GCSE treated samples were compared with control samples by qRT-PCR. The expression level of HPRT was used as an internal control. (B) Draining lymph node CD4+ T cells from each group were stimulated with PMA/ionomycin for 72 hrs, then, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA. (C) Draining lymph node CD19+ B cells from each treatment group were stimulated for 4 hrs. Relative cytokine levels of GCSE treated samples were compared with control samples by qRT-PCR. The expression level of HPRT was used as an internal control. Error bars indicate SD. One (*), two (**), and three (***) indicate p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively. Data are representative of three independent experiments.