From: Randomized pilot trial of a synbiotic dietary supplement in chronic HIV-1 infection
Cell population | Parameter | Fiber-only | Synbiotic | Â | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Day 28 | Baseline | Day 28 | p value | ||||||
AVG | SD | AVG | SD | AVG | SD | AVG | SD | |||
CD4+ T-cells | CD4+ T-cell count, cells/μl | 627 | 293 | 619 | 337 | 683 | 259 | 697 | 296 | 0.862 |
 | %CD38+ | 56.6 | 14.5 | 56.1 | 14.0 | 54.4 | 11.8 | 52.4 | 11.9 | 0.216 |
 | CD38 Abs bound/cell | 3737 | 980 | 3626 | 807 | 3353 | 1158 | 3276 | 1058 | 0.790 |
 | %DR+ | 7.4 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 0.827 |
 | %PD1+ | 23.5 | 10.5 | 24.5 | 9.2 | 25.2 | 12.2 | 26.0 | 11.7 | 0.753 |
 | PD1, MFI | 1315 | 282 | 1316 | 200 | 1212 | 152 | 1232 | 152 | 0.610 |
 | %CD38 + DR+ | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 0.482 |
 | %CD38 + DR + PD1+ | 2.5 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.452 |
 | %CD38 + DR + PD1- | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.981 |
 | %CD38 + DR-PD1+ | 6.8 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 0.716 |
 | %CD38 + DR-PD1- | 46.0 | 16.1 | 45.1 | 14.4 | 43.2 | 13.6 | 41.1 | 12.7 | 0.254 |
 | %CD38-DR + PD1+ | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.865 |
 | %CD38-DR + PD1- | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.027 |
 | %CD38-DR-PD1+ | 12.5 | 6.1 | 13.1 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 4.9 | 14.3 | 5.0 | 0.981 |
CD8+ T-cells | %CD38+ | 54.3 | 17.8 | 54.4 | 16.7 | 51.1 | 15.1 | 49.3 | 15.2 | 0.680 |
 | CD38, Abs bound/cell | 2099 | 1365 | 1864 | 864 | 1803 | 661 | 1823 | 780 | 0.044 |
 | %DR+ | 18.9 | 19.0 | 19.0 | 16.9 | 14.0 | 11.1 | 15.7 | 12.1 | 0.254 |
 | %PD1+ | 28.5 | 12.5 | 29.4 | 13.3 | 20.8 | 9.4 | 23.7 | 11.4 | 0.275 |
 | PD1, MFI | 1423 | 211 | 1423 | 225 | 1280 | 163 | 1329 | 212 | 0.235 |
 | %CD38 + DR+ | 13.4 | 15.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 0.369 |
 | %CD38 + DR + PD1+ | 8.1 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 0.512 |
 | %CD38 + DR + PD1- | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 0.753 |
 | %CD38 + DR-PD1+ | 6.5 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 0.680 |
 | %CD38 + DR-PD1- | 34.4 | 13.9 | 33.9 | 13.2 | 37.3 | 11.2 | 33.8 | 10.6 | 0.225 |
 | %CD38-DR + PD1+ | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.903 |
 | %CD38-DR + PD1- | 2.7 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 6.3 | 4.1 | 7.0 | 0.423 |
 | %CD38-DR-PD1+ | 11.2 | 7.2 | 11.4 | 7.6 | 9.3 | 4.8 | 10.5 | 4.9 | 0.482 |
Monocytes | CD14, MFI | 13092 | 2255 | 12660 | 2176 | 13126 | 2323 | 13089 | 1855 | 0.544 |
 | CD38, Abs bound/cell | 11229 | 1868 | 11094 | 1658 | 11537 | 2764 | 11138 | 2458 | 0.320 |
 | HLA-DR, MFI | 10250 | 4641 | 9827 | 4393 | 10218 | 5988 | 9952 | 4079 | 0.544 |