|
Number
|
44
|
47
|
42
|
38
| |
|
Age
[y], mean ± SD
|
57.6 ± 7.5
|
56.5 ± 5.5
|
58.3 ± 7.7
|
57.6 ± 6.7
|
NS
|
|
Years after menopause
|
12.5 ± 8.4
|
11.2 ± 8.3
|
14.2 ± 11.1
|
11.4 ± 9.1
|
NS
|
|
Height
[cm]
|
162.8 ± 7.8
|
162.7 ± 5.4
|
161.9 ± 6.2
|
164.1 ± 7.1
|
NS
|
|
Weight
[kg]
|
77.4 ± 15.4
|
74.5 ± 11.9
|
74.1 ± 12.1
|
72.9 ± 14.6
|
NS
|
|
Body mass index
[kg/m
2
]
|
29.2 ± 6.1
|
28.1 ± 4.4
|
28.3 ± 4.9
|
27.1 ± 5.8
|
NS
|
|
Bone mineral density
[T-score]
| | | | | |
|
Femoral Neck
|
-1.50 ± 0.62
|
-1.51 ± 0.64
|
-1.64 ± 0.56
|
-1.69 ± 0.59
|
NS
|
|
Trochanter
|
-1.05 ± 0.81
|
-1.10 ± 0.70
|
-1.27 ± 0.62
|
-1.29 ± 0.71
|
NS
|
|
Total spine
|
-0.74 ± 0.56
|
-0.75 ± 0.67
|
-0.95 ± 0.65
|
-0.97 ± 0.51
|
NS
|
|
L1-L4
|
-0.60 ± 0.85
|
-0.53 ± 1.09
|
-0.65 ± 0.76
|
-0.75 ± 0.83
|
NS
|
|
Serum 25 (OH)D
[ng/mL]
|
32.5 ± 8.4
|
36.2 ± 11.0
|
31.5 ± 11.5
|
30.1 ± 6.6
|
NS
|
|
Serum PTH
[pg/mL]
|
47.8 ± 20.1
|
45.6 ± 22.5
|
48.2 ± 22.3
|
47.2 ± 27.1
|
NS
|
|
Serum TSH
[mIU/L]
|
2.50 ± 1.38
|
2.09 ± 1.13
|
2.38 ± 0.94
|
2.56 ± 1.30
|
NS
|
|
General health questions
[n (%)]
| | | | | |
|
General health rated "good"
|
35 (79.5)
|
38 (80.9)
|
38 (90.4)
|
30 (78.9)
|
NS
|
|
Height decrease with age
|
3 (6.8)
|
10 (21.2)
|
7 (16.6)
|
9 (23.6)
|
NS
|
|
Broken bone as adult
|
9 (20.4)
|
13 (27.6)
|
7 (16.6)
|
14 (36.8)
|
NS
|
|
History of osteopenia
|
9 (20.4)
|
8 (17.0)
|
9 (21.4)
|
9 (23.9)
|
NS
|
|
Family history of low bone mass
|
19 (36.3)
|
24 (51.0)
|
13(30.9)
|
23 (60.5)
|
NS
|
|
History of osteoarthritis
|
9 (20.4)
|
5 (10.6)
|
4 (9.5)
|
4 (10.5)
|
NS
|
|
Severe joint or muscle pain
|
16 (36.3)
|
12 (25.5)
|
9 (21.4)
|
9 (23.6)
|
NS
|
|
Back or leg pain
|
11 (25.0)
|
12 (25.5)
|
4 (9.5)
|
5 (13.1)
|
NS
|
|
History of diabetes
|
1 (2.3)
|
5 (10.6)
|
6 (14.2)
|
3 (7.8)
|
NS
|
|
History of hypertension
|
13 (29.5)
|
9 (19.1)
|
10 (23.8)
|
8 (21.0)
|
NS
|
|
Physical activity profiles , mean ± SD
| | | | | |
|
Exercise frequency [sessions/week]
|
2.4 ± 2.1
|
2.0 ± 2.1
|
1.8 ± 2.0
|
1.9 ± 2.0
|
NS
|
|
Exercise time [min/session]
|
22 ± 19
|
23 ± 21
|
29 ± 46
|
23 ± 22
|
NS
|
|
Mood assessment
§, mean ± SD
|
5.7 ± 5.2
|
5.9 ± 4.9
|
5.9 ± 5.6
|
6.3 ± 4.2
|
NS
|
|
Lifestyle profiles
[n (%)]
| | | | | |
|
History of steroid use
|
9 (20.4)
|
7 (14.8)
|
8 (19.0)
|
12 (31.5)
|
NS
|
|
Antidepressant medication use
|
20 (40.5)
|
19 (40.4)
|
17 (40.4)
|
18 (47.3)
|
NS
|
|
Estrogen/HRT use
|
9 (20.4)
|
10 (21.2)
|
10 (23.8)
|
7 (18.4)
|
NS
|
|
Calcium/Vitamin D use
|
22 (50)
|
23 (48.9)
|
21 (50)
|
17 (44.7)
|
NS
|
|
Trouble sleeping
|
16 (36.4)
|
17 (36.1)
|
16 (38.1)
|
12 (31.5)
|
NS
|
|
Current cigarette smoking
|
2 (4.5)
|
2 (4.2)
|
2 (4.7)
|
1 (2.6)
|
NS
|
|
Alcohol consumption
|
23 (52.2)
|
18 (38.2)
|
18 (42.8)
|
21 (55.2)
|
NS
|
|
Tea consumption
|
26 (59.1)
|
23 (48.9)
|
22 (52.3)
|
27 (71.0)
|
NS
|
|
Coffee consumption
|
28 (63.6)
|
34 (72.3)
|
28 (66.6)
|
24 (65.5)
|
NS
|
|
Soda consumption
|
28 (63.6)
|
29 (65.9)
|
23 (54.7)
|
27 (71.1)
|
NS
|
|
Juice consumption
|
12 (27.2)
|
22 (46.8)
|
19 (45.2)
|
21 (55.2)
|
NS
|
