The effects of melissa officinalis on depression and anxiety in type 2 diabetes patients with depression: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial

Safari, Mostafa; Asadi, Akbar; Aryaeian, Naheed; Huseini, Hasan Fallah; shidfar, Farzad; Jazayeri, Shima; Malek, Mojtaba; Hosseini, Agha Fateme; hamidi, Zahra

doi:10.1186/s12906-023-03978-x

Table 3 Energy and nutrients intake at baseline, in the middle and at the end of the study

From: The effects of melissa officinalis on depression and anxiety in type 2 diabetes patients with depression: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial

Nutrients	Group	Baseline Mean ± SD	Middle Mean ± SD	End Mean ± SD	^##P value
Nutrients	Group	Baseline Mean ± SD	Middle Mean ± SD	End Mean ± SD	Baseline	Middle	End
Energy (kcal)	HEMO	1633.50 ± 228.24	1613.63 ± 149.35	1612.45 ± 150.90	0.72^‡	0.86^‡	0.95^‡
Energy (kcal)	Control	1612.64 ± 153.05	1621.09 ± 133.50	1614.66 ± 134.36	0.72^‡	0.86^‡	0.95^‡
Protein (g)	HEMO	63.32 ± 11.54	64.38 ± 9.82	61.77 ± 8.43	0.7^‡	0.09^‡	0.69^‡
Protein (g)	Control	62.15 ± 8.68	60.330 ± 5.54	60.78 ± 8.15	0.7^‡	0.09^‡	0.69^‡
Carbohydrate (g)	HEMO	229.20 ± 33.76	2330.92 ± 27.68	231.90 ± 25.72	0.58^‡	0.52^‡	0.37^‡
Carbohydrate (g)	Control	234.65 ± 32.12	236.74 ± 32.13	239.46 ± 31.69	0.58^‡	0.52^‡	0.37^‡
Total fat (g)	HEMO	49.5 ± 9.62	50.39 ± 8.25	50.94 ± 9.15	0.55^‡	0.97^‡	0.78^‡
Total fat (g)	Control	50.95 ± 11.19	50.47 ± 8.37	51.68 ± 8.23	0.55^‡	0.97^‡	0.78^‡
Fibre (g)	HEMO	15.45 ± 3.19	16.88 ± 3.11	15.52 ± 3.14	0.49^‡	0.64^‡	0.24^‡
Fibre (g)	Control	16.9 ± 2.87	16.41 ± 3.47	16.70 ± 3.37	0.49^‡	0.64^‡	0.24^‡
SFA (g)	HEMO	15.74 ± 3.73	15.92 ± 3.73	16.2 ± 3.52	0.63^‡‡	0.69^‡‡	0.35^‡
SFA (g)	Control	14.81 ± 2.72	15.07 ± 2.44	15.11 ± 2.86	0.63^‡‡	0.69^‡‡	0.35^‡
MUFA (g)	HEMO	14.35 ± 3.50	14.48 ± 2.92	14.67 ± 3.14	0.94^‡	0.91^‡	0.74^‡
MUFA (g)	Control	14.28 ± 2.98	14.39 ± 2.64	14.36 ± 3.01	0.94^‡	0.91^‡	0.74^‡
PUFA (g)	HEMO	13.85 ± 3.74	14.05 ± 3.91	14.07 ± 3.05	0.08^‡‡	0.47^‡	0.34^‡
PUFA (g)	Control	15.27 ± 3.62	14.88 ± 3.74	15.19 ± 2.99	0.08^‡‡	0.47^‡	0.34^‡
Vitamin C (mg)	HEMO	109.57 ± 65.87	119.84 ± 63.19	118.10 ± 56.47	0.61^‡	0.68^‡	0.77^‡
Vitamin C (mg)	Control	118.16 ± 44.38	113.54 ± 34.83	113.65 ± 44.96	0.61^‡	0.68^‡	0.77^‡
Vitamin E (mg)	HEMO	6.26 ± 2.99	6.60 ± 2.93	6.86 ± 3.54	0.35^‡‡	0.97^‡‡	0.64^‡‡
Vitamin E (mg)	Control	7.47 ± 4.08	7.34 ± 4.32	7. 37 ± 4.02	0.35^‡‡	0.97^‡‡	0.64^‡‡
Selenium (mg)	HEMO	0.076 ± 0.03	0.074 ± 0.03	0.074 ± 0.02	0.92^‡	0.99^‡	0.77^‡
Selenium (mg)	Control	0.077 ± 0.02	0.074 ± 0.01	0.072 ± 0.01	0.92^‡	0.99^‡	0.77^‡

Values expressed as mean ± SD.^##P. Value for variable comparing between the two groups baseline, in the middle and at the end of the intervention. Calculated by ^‡Independent T-Test and ^‡‡ Mann–Whitney U test
HEMO hydroalcoholic extract of M. officinalis, SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid

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