Table 5 Individual and community factors associated with TMP use for Fever /Cough among childbearing women in 32 African countries

Characteristics

Variable

Place of Residence

Rural

1.38(1.16–1.63)

1.18(0.98–1.43)

Urban

1

1

Household Wealth

Poor

1.60(1.36–1.89)

1.30(1.08–1.57)

Middle

1.43(1.18–1.72)

1.29(1.05–1.58)

Rich

1

1

Sex of Household Head

Male

1.67(1.37–2.03)

1.56(1.26–1.93)

Female

1

1

Decision Making Ability

Yes

1

1

No

1.44(1.28–1.63)

1.17(1.03–1.34)

Maternal Education

No formal education

1.75(1.41–2.17)

1.55(1.23–1.94)

Primary education

1.05(0.86–1.30)

0.95(0.76–1.17)

Secondary plus

1

1

Currently Working

Yes

1.31(1.15–1.50)

1.28(1.11–1.47)

No

1

1

Access to media

Yes

1

1

No

1.24(1.10–1.41)

1.12(0.99–1.28)

Husband/Partners Educational Status

No Formal Education

1.37(1.15–1.64)

1.29(1.07–1.55)

Primary Education

0.91(0.78–1.08)

0.87(0.72–1.05)

Secondary Plus

1

1

Birth Order

First order

1

1

2–4 order

1.06(0.79–1.43)

1.07(0.78–1.45)

5plus order

0.94(0.67–1.32)

0.91(0.64–1.28)

Parity

one

1

1

two

1.22(0.88–1.69)

1.24(0.89–1.74)

three

1.02(0.69–1.49)

1.08(0.73–1.60)

Four or more

1.16(0.79–1.70)

1.22(0.83–1.80)

Covered by Health Insurance

Yes

1

1

No

2.77(1.93–3.99)

2.90(1.96–4.27)

Getting Permission to go to the Hospital

Big problem

1.34(1.17–1.54)

1.36(1.18–1.57)

Not a big problem

1

1

Getting Money Needed for Treatment

Big problem

1.31(1.13–1.52)

1.29(1.11–1.50)

Not a big problem

1

1

Distance to Health Facility

Big problem

1.14(1.00–1.30)

1.10(0.96–1.26)

Not a big problem

1

1

Size of Child

Above average

1.22(1.07–1.39)

1.19(1.04–1.36)

Below Average

1.02(0.86–1.21)

1.03(0.87–1.22)

Average

1

1

Random effect result

PSU variance (95% CI)

0.40(0.30–0.52)

0.37(0.27–0.49)

0.44(0.33–0.58)

0.43(0.32–0.58)

ICC

0.11

0.10

0.12

0.12

LR Test

146.16, p < 0.001

112.79, p < 0.001

128.13, p < 0.001

116.49, p < 0.001

Wald chi-square

Reference

155.75

365.85

385.70

Model fitness

Log-likelihood

-7121.819

-6139.199

-5602.321

-5356.455

AIC

14,247.64

12,292.4

11,242.64

10,760.91

BIC

14,266.49

12,357.04

11,416.21

10,979.48