Table 3 Individual and community factors associated with TMP use for childhood illnesses among childbearing women in 32 African countries

Characteristics

Variable

Place of Residence

Rural

1.41(1.15–1.73)

1.25(1.00- 1.56)

Urban

1

1

Household Wealth

Poor

1.42(1.16–1.72)

1.22(0.98- 1.52)

Middle

1.23(0.98–1.54)

1.18(0.93–1.51)

Rich

1

1

Sex of Household Head

Male

1.74(1.37–2.20)

1.64(1.27–2.11)

Female

1

1

Decision Making Ability

Yes

1

1

No

1.27(1.09–1.45)

1.06(0.90–1.25)

Maternal Education

No formal education

1.77(1.36–2.30)

1.62(1.23–2.12)

Primary education

1.11(0.87–1.43)

1.05(0.81–1.36)

Secondary plus

1

1

Currently Working

Yes

1.28(1.10–1.50)

1.25(1.06–1.47)

No

1

1

Access to Media

Yes

1

1

No

1.31(1.13–1.52)

1.19(1.02–1.39)

Husband/Partners Educational Status

No Formal Education

1.27(1.03–1.57)

1.16(0.93–1.44)

Primary Education

0.88(0.71–1.09)

0.82(0.66–1.01)

Secondary Plus

1

1

Birth Order

First

1

1

2–4

0.92(0.60–1.41)

0.87(0.57–1.34)

5 + 

0.71(0.45–1.14)

0.65(0.40–1.04)

Parity

One birth

1

1

Two births

1.02(0.66–1.41)

1.05(0.68–1.63)

Three births

1.01(0.61–1.65)

1.08(0.66–1.79)

Four or more births

1.27(0.77–2.09)

1.39(0.84–2.29)

Covered by Health Insurance

Yes

1

1

No

2.21(1.47–3.33)

2.37(1.53–3.66)

Getting Permission to go to the hospital

Big problem

1.20(1.01–1.43)

1.23(1.03–1.47)

Not a big problem

1

1

Getting money Needed for Treatment

Big problem

1.05(0.89–1.24)

1.05(0.89–1.25)

Not a big problem

1

1

Distance to Health Facility

Big problem

1.13(0.96–1.32)

1.08(0.92–1.28)

Not a big problem

1

1

Size of the Child at Birth

Above average

1.23(1.05–1.44)

1.20(1.03–1.41)

Below average

0.89(0.72–1.09)

0.91(0.74–1.12)

Average

1

1

Random effect result

PSU variance (95% CI)

0.35(0.25–0.48)

0.38(0.27–0.54)

0.41(0.29–0.57)

0.41(0.29–0.58)

ICC

0.09

0.10

0.11

0.11

LR Test

79.99, p < 0.001

76.14, p < 0.001

73.67, p < 0.001

66.61, p < 0.001

Wald chi-square

Reference

79.24

188.03

198.46

Model fitness

Log Likelihood

-4307.591

-3684.198

-3349.869

-3219.234

AIC

8619.182

7382.397

6737.737

6486.468

BIC

8635.593

7438.57

6888.077

6675.706