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Table 1 Baseline characteristics in the follicular and luteal phases

From: Effect of γ-tocopherol supplementation on premenstrual symptoms and natriuresis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

MDQ factors

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

p-value

Water retention

2.1 ± 0.4

9.6 ± 0.8

 < 0.001

Pain

1.9 ± 0.5

6.9 ± 1.1

 < 0.001

Impaired concentration

2.1 ± 0.8

5.6 ± 1.1

0.003

Behavior change

2.0 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 1.0

 < 0.001

Autonomic reactions

0.2 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.4

0.004

Negative affect

0.8 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 1.0

 < 0.001

Arousal

2.1 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 0.5

0.195

Control

0.3 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.6

0.005

  1. MDQ Menstrual Distress Questionnaire