Sodium selenite preserves rBM-MSCs’ stemness, differentiation potential, and immunophenotype and protects them against oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway

Table 3 Pathways affected by selenium

Type of Cells	Signaling pathway	Effects of selenium	Ref
hMSCs	JNK/FOXO3 pathway	Increased JNK and FOXO3a expression	[62]
AF-MSCs	AKT-ERK1/2 Smad2 Stat3	Increased p-AKT,p-ERK,p-Smad2,and TGF-β expression	[1]
MSCs	ERK	Suppressed the activation of ERK induced by H2O2	[63]
osteosarcoma	p53/ATM/FOXO3a	Activation of p53	[64]
SSC	P21-mediated P53	-An increased abundance of P53, P21, P27 and BAX -Promote the proliferation by inhibiting ROS production	[65]
MSCs	BMP	Activation of the Smad-dependent BMP pathway, up-regulation of p-Smad1/5 protein, and down-regulation of PPARγ	[66]
3T3-L1	PI3K/Akt ERK	Activated the expression of the PI3K/Akt, as well as ERK	[67]
NPC	JNK/P38 MAPK, Akt	Blocks the activation of JNK/P38 MAPK, and Akt survival protein	[68]
CSCs	Nrf2 Wnt/β-catenin Notch	Suppression of β-catenin signaling	[69]
ATSCs	c-Jun Akt	Inhibition of reactive oxygen species-mediated phospho-stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation-activation of Akt-downregulated p53 and p21	[70]
TM3	ROS/JNK /c-jun	Protective effects of Selenium against cadmium-induced apoptosis, through inhibition of both the ROS/JNK/ c-jun	[71]
Chicken’s kidney	PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2	protective effects of Selenium against cadmium-induced apoptosis, through activating the PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2	[72]
KBD patients	ERK	Stimulates the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway	[73]
BALB/c murine macrophage cells	p38 MAPK NF-κB	Inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway	[74]

ISSN: 2662-7671