Fig. 1

QHG attenuated H₂O₂-induced damage to RPE cells based on the MTT assay and flow cytometer analysis. A The cell apoptosis rate was evaluated without H₂O₂ treatment using flow cytometry. B Cell viability was measured without H₂O₂ treatment using the MTT assay. C ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with QHG (1 and 2 mg/ml) for 24 h and then exposed to 200 µM H₂O₂ for 24 h. Representative images of cell morphological changes were obtained from phase contrast microscopy. Scale bar, 100 μm. D The number of surviving ARPE-19 cells under a phase contrast microscope. E, F The apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells after pretreatment with QHG for 24 h followed by 200 µM H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h. All data were obtained from three independent experiments and are expressed as the means ± SDs. # p <0.05, ## p <0.01 vs. Control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01