Table 2 Comparison of mean energy intake and macronutrients in the study participants before and after intervention

Energy (Kcal/d)

 Baseline

1628.95 ± 292.04

1646.77 ± 242.23

-17.82 (-181.23, 145.60)

0.827†

 Endpoint

1650.55 ± 276.88

1644.02 ± 232.52

10.12 (-55.69, 75.94)

0.757††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

24.00 (-36.24, 84.24)

13.28 (-26.82, 53.38)

 P-value*

0.415

0.498

Carbohydrates (g/day)

 Baseline

216.77 ± 41.20

219.30 ± 37.88

-2.52 (-26.60, 21.56)

0.834†

 Endpoint

220.75 ± 39.04

219.92 ± 36.32

2.91 (-11.10, 16.92)

0.676††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

3.97 (-6.74, 14.69)

0.22 (-9.93, 10.36)

 P-value*

0.449

0.965

Carbohydrates (%Kcal)

 Baseline

50.57 ± 2.54

50.53 ± 3.00

0.04 (-1.65, 1.73)

0.966†

 Endpoint

50.35 ± 2.31

50.13 ± 2.44

0.22 (-1.30, 1.74)

0.772††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

-0.13 (-1.65, 1.40)

-0.35 (-2.38, 1.68)

 P-value*

0.863

0.722

Protein (g/day)

 Baseline

52.42 ± 11.11

54.73 ± 9.11

-2.31 (-8.66, 4.04)

0.467†

 Endpoint

52.78 ± 10.23

54.18 ± 7.65

-0.66 (-4.79, 3.47)

0.748††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

0.25 (-3.21, 3.71)

0.44 (-3.07, 3.95)

 P-value*

0.881

0.796

Protein (%Kcal)

 Baseline

12.85 ± 1.71

13.38 ± 2.09

-0.53 (-1.69, 0.64)

0.367†

 Endpoint

12.86 ± 1.73

13.27 ± 1.51

-0.24 (-1.12, 0.65)

0.592††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

-0.04 (-0.84, 0.76)

-0.02 (-0.84, 0.80)

 P-value*

0.925

0.957

Fat (g/day)

 Baseline

63.17 ± 12.17

63.07 ± 12.26

0.09 (-6.78, 6.94)

0.979†

 Endpoint

64.41 ± 12.13

63.94 ± 10.49

0.15 (-4.02, 4.33)

0.941††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

1.18 (-1.88, 4.24)

1.11 (-2.21, 4.43)

 P-value*

0.429

0.495

Fat (%Kcal)

 Baseline

34.92 ± 2.71

34.46 ± 2.75

0.46 (-1.20, 2.13)

0.576†

 Endpoint

35.19 ± 3.25

34.97 ± 2.80

0.10 (-1.76, 1.96)

0.911††

 Mean difference (CI 95%)

0.19 (-1.28, 1.66)

0.34 (-1.36, 2.05)

 P-value*

0.792

0.678