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Table 2 Frequency of action mechanisms of herb-drug interactions among cancer patients referred to outpatient clinics to receive chemotherapy courses (n = 209)

From: The prevalence and predictors of herb-drug interactions among Iranian cancer patients during chemotherapy courses

Mechanisms of action

Frequency

Inhibit CYP3A4a

78

Induce hepatic CYP3A4

13

Induce intestinal CYP3A4

13

Inhibit hepatic CYP3A4

13

Inhibit intestinal CYP3A4

13

Decrease gastrointestinal transit time

11

Induce CYP3A4

9

Increase hepatotoxicity of the drug

8

Inhibit P-gpb

6

Inhibit OATP1A2 c

4

Inhibit OATP1B1 d

4

Inhibit OATP2B1 e

4

Stimulate or suppress the immune function

4

Inhibit CYP2C9 f

3

Inhibit CYP2C19 g

2

Potential estrogenic effects of herbs

2

Inhibit UGT2B7 h

2

Inhibit UGT1A1 i

2

increase photosensitivity of drug

2

Inhibit or induce CYP2D6 j

2

Enhances the oral bioavailability of drug

1

Inhibit CYP1A2 k

1

Inhibit CYP2C8 l

1

Block proteasome inhibitor

1

  1. aCytochrome P450 3A4
  2. bP-glycoprotein
  3. cOrganic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1A2
  4. dOrganic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1
  5. eOrganic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 2B1
  6. fCytochrome P450 2C9
  7. gCytochrome P450 2C19
  8. hUDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase 2B7
  9. iUDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase 1A1
  10. jCytochrome P450 2D6
  11. kCytochrome P450 1A2
  12. lCytochrome P450 2C8