Effects of Baduanjin exercise on the physical function of middle-aged and elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Results from meta-analysis

Outcome or subgroup	No. of studies	No. of participants	Effect size	95% CI	p-value	I² (%)
Muscular strength
Grip strength	3	98	SMD 0.63	0.22, 1.04	0.003	0%
Balance ability
TUGT	4	295	MD -2.21	-3.91, -0.51	0.01	88%
OLST	4	264	MD 3.75	1.96, 5.55	< 0.001	76%
BBS	2	277	MD 4.16	2.49, 5.83	< 0.001	69%
SR	2	160	SMD 1.02	0.17, 1.86	0.02	83%
Cardiorespiratory fitness
SBP	4	314	MD -5.26	-10.64, 0.12	0.06	81%
DBP	4	314	MD -3.62	-3.95, -3.30	< 0.001	0%
VC	4	294	SMD 1.23	0.00, 2.46	0.05	94%
HR	2	210	MD -1.30	-1.57, -1.03	< 0.001	0%
Step test	2	100	MD 4.25	0.76, 7.74	0.02	0%

MD Mean difference, SMD Standardized mean difference, TUGT Timed Up and Go Test, OLST One Leg Stand Test, BBS Berg Balance Scale, SR Strengthening Romberg’s Test, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, VC Vital Capacity, HR Heart Rate

ISSN: 2662-7671