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Table 4 Association between unprescribed medicines and pregnancy outcomes in Ibadan, Nigeria

From: Prevalence, predictors and pregnancy outcomes of unprescribed and herbal medicine use in Ibadan, Nigeria

Pregnancy Outcomes

Incidence

(%)

Unadjusted

Relative Risk 95% CI

P-value

Adjusted

Relative Risk 95% CI

P-value

Caesarean sectiona

 Use of UM

25.6

0.61 (0.46 – 0.80)

0.001

0.33 (0.10 – 1.05)

0.061

 Non-use of UM

42.0

1.00

 

1.00

 

Spontaneous Vertex Deliveryb

 Use of UM

67.5

1.30 (1.11– 1.52)

0.001

1.23 (0.65– 2.34)

0.528

 Non-use of UM

51.9

1.00

 

1.00

 

Induction of Labour

 Use of UM

4.5

0.96 (0.40 – 2.29)

0.929

  

 Non-use of UM

4.6

1.00

   

Macrosomia

 Use of UM

7.5

1.31 (0.64 – 2.66)

0.460

  

 Non-use of UM

5.8

1.00

   

Low birth weight

 Use of UM

4.1

0.45 (0.20 – 1.01)

0.052

  

 Non-use of UM

9.2

1.00

   

Preterm delivery

 Use of UM

11.3

0.92 (0.53 – 1.57)

0.748

  

 Non-use of UM

12.3

1.00

   

Birth Asphyxia

 Use of UM

21.4

1.41 (0.89 – 2.23)

0.147

  

 Non-use of UM

15.2

1.00

   

GDM

 Use of UM

22.4

0.98 (0.60 – 1.58)

0.926

  

 Non-use of UM

23.0

1.00

   

Postpartum Haemorrhage

 Use of UM

12.7

0.81 (0.51 – 1.31)

0.393

  

 Non-use of UM

15.7

1.00

   
  1. aCaesarean section – adjusted for maternal education, religion, income, parity, antenatal visits, antenatal hospital admission
  2. bSpontaneous vertex delivery – adjusted for maternal education, religion, income, parity, antenatal visits, antenatal hospital admission