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Table 3 Effect of music therapy on CDI and DHQ values by ADHD control group and ADHD music therapy group (pre vs. post difference, paired t-test: pre vs. pre and post vs. post difference, unpaired t-test)

From: Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability

Paired t-test

ADHD Con G

ADHD MT G

pre

post

t

p

pre

post

t

p

CDI scale

32.70 ± 10.21

32.40 ± 9.37

1.68

0.05

31.35 ± 9.27

21.45 ± 12.17

4.01

0.001**

DHQ scale

113.30 ± 26.15

110.95 ± 28.75

3.08

0.58

115.75 ± 30.02

80.50 ± 35.87

5.45

0.000***

Unpaired t-test

ADHD Con G vs. ADHD MT G

ADHD Con G vs. ADHD MT G

pre

pre

t

p

post

post

t

p

CDI scale

32.70 ± 10.21

31.35 ± 9.27

-0.31

0.45

32.40 ± 9.37

21.45 ± 12.17

2.53

0.008**

DHQ scale

113.05 ± 33.11

115.75 ± 30.02

0.28

0.39

110.95 ± 28.75

80.50 ± 35.87

3.07

0.002**

  1. Values (n = 36) are presented as mean ± SD: standard deviation. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Sub-categories; CDI: Children’s Depression Inventory, DHQ: Daily Hassles’ Questionnaire. ADHD control group (ADHD Con G), ADHD music therapy Group (ADHD MT G)