Table 3 Cancer-related associations for use of CAM to treat late and long-term effects from cancer diagnosis and treatment

Cancer site¹

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

 Breast

58.2 (85)

41.8 (61)

< 0.001*

35.6 (52)

64.4 (94)

< 0.001*

13.7 (20)

86.3 (126)

0.765*

39.0 (57)

61.0 (89)

< 0.001*

 Gastro intestinal

25.0 (12)

75.5 (36)

0.008*

8.3 (4)

91.7 (44)

0.013*

14.6 (7)

85.4 (41)

0.736*

18.8 (9)

81.3 (39)

0.197*

 Male genitalia

25.0 (9)

75.0 (27)

0.025*

8.3 (3)

91.7 (33)

0.035*

8.3 (3)

91.7 (33)

0.600^

11.1 (4)

88.9 (32)

0.028*

 Female genitalia

58.8 (20)

41.2 (14)

0.043*

29.4 (10)

70.6 (24)

0.289*

20.6 (7)

79.4 (27)

0.181^

44.1 (15)

55,9 (19)

0.014*

 Lymphoma

27.3 (9)

72.7 (24)

0.063*

12.1 (4)

87.9 (29)

0.143*

6.1 (2)

93.9 (31)

0.284^

15.2 (5)

84,8 (28)

0.124*

 Head and neck

52.9 (9)

47.1 (8)

0.372*

17.6 (3)

82.4 (14)

0.773^

17.6 (3)

82.4 (14)

0.474^

29.4 (5)

70,6 (12)

0.780^

 Malignant melanoma

28.6 (4)

71.4 (10)

0.282*

21.4 (3)

78.6 (11)

1.000^

0.0 (0)

100 (14)

0.231^

14.3 (2)

85,7 (12)

0.371^

 Lung

36.4 (4)

63.6 (7)

0.765^

18.2 (2)

81.8 (9)

1.000^

27.3 (3)

72.7 (8)

0.162^

9.1 (1)

90,9 (10)

0.300^

 Sarcoma

63.6 (7)

36.4 (4)

0.215^

36.4 (4)

63.6 (7)

0.271^

27.3 (3)

72.7 (8)

0.162^

36.4 (4)

63,6 (7)

0.490^

 Leukemia

0.0 (0)

100 (9)

0.012^

0.0 (0)

100 (9)

0.216^

0.0 (0)

100 (9)

0.612^

0.0 (0)

100 (9)

0.119^

 Bone marrow

25.0 (2)

75.0 (6)

0.475^

25.0 (2)

75.0 (6)

1.000^

12.5 (1)

87.5 (7)

1.000^

0.0 (0)

100 (8)

0.116^

 Other cancer sites

32.6 (14)

67.4 (29)

0.160*

11.6 (4)

88.4 (38)

0.075*

14.0 (6)

86.0 (37)

0.852*

20.9 (9)

79.1 (34)

0.387*

In active cancer treatment

0.427*

0.425*

0.144*

0.039*

 Yes

39.7 (50)

60.3 (7)

24.6 (31)

75.4 (95)

9.5 (12)

90.5 (114)

19.8 (25)

80.2 (101)

 No

44.0 (103)

56.0 (131)

20.9 (49)

79.1 (185)

15.0 (35)

85.0 (199)

29.9 (70)

70.1 (164)

 Fatigue

47.5 (122)

52.5 (135)

0.003*

24.1 (62)

75.9 (195)

0.170*

13.6 (35)

86.4 (222)

0.616*

31.1 (80)

68.9 (177)

0.001*

 Sleep disorder

53.3 (96)

46.7 (84)

< 0.001*

28.9 (52)

71.1 (128)

0.002*

15.6 (28)

84.4 (152)

0.159*

32.8 (59)

67.2 (121)

0.006*

 Hot flashes

55.3 (94)

44.7 (76)

< 0.001*

30.0 (51)

70.0 (119)

< 0.001*

17.1 (29)

82.9 (141)

0.033*

35.9 (61)

64.1 (109)

< 0.001*

 Nerve damage (polyneuropathy)

52.7 (87)

47.3 (78)

< 0.001*

26.7 (44)

73.3 (121)

0.062*

14.5 (24)

85.8 (141)

0.440*

35.8 (59)

64.2 (106)

< 0.001*

 Pain

54.1 (86)

45.9 (73)

< 0.001*

30.2 (48)

69.8 (111)

0.001*

15.1 (24)

84.9 (135)

0.307*

35.8 (57)

64.2 (102)

< 0.001*

 Decreased muscle strength and mobility

52.5 (83)

47.5 (75)

< 0.001*

30.4 (48)

69.6 (110)

< 0.001*

15.8 (25)

84.2 (133)

0.168*

32.9 (52)

67.1 (106)

0.013*

 Cognitive challenges

63.1 (94)

36.9 (55)

< 0.001*

34.2 (51)

65.8 (98)

< 0.001*

17.4 (26)

82.6 (123)

0.038*

14.6 (62)

58.4 (87)

< 0.001*

 Sexual problems

46.7 (64)

53.5 (73)

0.205*

24.1 (33)

75.9 (104)

0.505*

15.3 (21)

84.7 (116)

0.316*

29.2 (40)

70.8 (97)

0.343*

 Gained weight

53.4 (63)

46.6 (55)

0.004*

32.2 (38)

67.8 (80)

0.001*

16.9 (20)

83.1 (98)

0.126*

30.5 (36)

69.5 (82)

0.216*

 Anxiety or depression

55.2 (53)

44.8 (43)

0.003*

30.2 (29)

69.8 (67)

0.028*

15.6 (15)

84.4 (81)

0.383*

36.5 (35)

63.5 (61)

0.009*

 Early menopause

66.7 (60)

33.3 (30)

< 0.001*

41.1 (37)

58.9 (53)

< 0.001*

16.7 (15)

83.3 (75)

0.240*

48.9 (44)

51.1 (46)

< 0.001*

 Mouth/tooth-problems and reduced taste

56.0 (47)

44.0 (37)

0.004*

31.0 (26)

69.0 (58)

0.028*

14.3 (12)

85.7 (72)

0.702*

28.6 (24)

71.4 (60)

0.604*

 Urinary tract problems

42.3 (33)

57.7 (45)

0.969*

20.5 (16)

79.5 (62)

0.682*

14.1 (11)

85.9 (67)

0.756*

26.9 (21)

73.1 (57)

0.904*

 Diarrhea

52.6 (41)

47.4 (37)

0.042*

26.9 (21)

73.1 (57)

0.259*

16.7 (13)

83.3 (65)

0.285*

33.3 (26)

66.7 (52)

0.116*

 Constipation

52.8 (38)

47.2 (34)

0.049*

31.9 (23)

68.1 (49)

0.027*

18.1 (13)

81.9 (59)

0.159*

33.3 (24)

66.7 (48)

0.135*

 Lymphedema

55.4 (36)

44.6 (29)

0.020*

32.3 (21)

67.7 (44)

0.031*

15.4 (10)

84.6 (55)

0.538*

29.2 (19)

70.8 (46)

0.566*

 Heart- and lung problems

46.2(18)

53.8 (21)

0.625*

25.6 (10)

74.4 (29)

0.587*

20.5 (8)

79.5 (31)

0.143*

28.2 (11)

71.8 (28)

0.785*

 Reduced fertility

57.6 (19)

42.4 (14)

0.066*

27.3 (9)

72.7 (24)

0.464*

9.1 (3)

90.9 (30)

0.597^

36.4 (12)

63.6 (21)

0.173*

 Weight loss

40.0 (12)

60.0 (18)

0.772*

16.7 (5)

83.3 (25)

0.445*

6.7 (2)

93.3 (28)

0.399^

23.3 (7)

76.7 (23)

0.692*

Other late and long-term effects

35.4 (23)

64.6 (42)

0.200*

15.4 (10)

84.6 (55)

0.143*

16.9 (11)

83.1 (54)

0.307*

21.5 (14)

78.5 (51)

0.327*