Placebo (n = 97) | Yokukansan (n = 94) | P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59 | (15) | 61 | (13) | .158 | c |
Female | n = 23 | 24% | n = 23 | 24% | > .999 | a |
Daily cigarette consumption | .796 | b | ||||
< 15 pieces/day | n = 18 | 19% | n = 18 | 19% | ||
15–20 pieces/day | n = 49 | 51% | n = 42 | 45% | ||
21–30 pieces/day | n = 18 | 19% | n = 26 | 28% | ||
30 < pieces/day | n = 12 | 12% | n = 8 | 9% | ||
Duration of smoking (years) | 38 | (14) | 39 | (13) | .469 | c |
FTND score (points) | 6.5 | (1.5) | 6.8 | (1.6) | .220 | c |
Initial therapy for smoking cessation | .305 | a | ||||
None, only counseling | n = 6 | 6% | n = 4 | 4% | ||
Varenicline | n = 55 | 57% | n = 45 | 48% | ||
Nicotine patch | n = 36 | 37% | n = 45 | 48% | ||
Past history Cancer | n = 14 | 14% | n = 14 | 15% | > .999 | a |
Myocardial infarction | n = 5 | 5% | n = 2 | 2% | .445 | a |
Stroke | n = 4 | 4.1% | n = 5 | 5% | .745 | a |
Diabetes mellitus | n = 12 | 12% | n = 7 | 7% | .335 | a |
Dyslipidemia | n = 9 | 9% | n = 14 | 15% | .271 | a |
Hypertension | n = 10 | 10% | n = 11 | 11% | .820 | a |
Consultation with psychiatrists | n = 2 | 2% | n = 2 | 2% | > .999 | a |
Anti-hypertensive agents | n = 30 | 31% | n = 30 | 32% | > .999 | a |
Anti-dyslipidemia agents | n = 15 | 15% | n = 12 | 13% | .680 | a |
Oral anti-diabetic agents | n = 10 | 10% | n = 10 | 11% | > .999 | a |
Insulin | n = 3 | 3% | n = 0 | 0% | .246 | a |
Sleeping pills | n = 5 | 5% | n = 5 | 5% | > .999 | a |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.2 | (3.8) | 23.2 | (4.1) | .954 | |
SBP (mm Hg) | 137 | (23) | 132 | (20) | .123 | |
DBP (mm Hg) | 79 | (16) | 77 | (14) | .398 | |
Respiratory CO (ppm) | 19 | (14) | 18 | (12) | .466 | |
SDS test score | 46.1 | (4.4) | 46.6 | (5.1) | .419 | |
POMS score | ||||||
Tension-Anxiety(T-A) | 5.6 | (3.7) | 5.5 | (3.9) | .766 | |
Depression-Dejection(D) | 3.6 | (3.0) | 4.4 | (4.0) | .114 | |
Anger-Hostility (A-H) | 4.0 | (3.2) | 3.9 | (3.9) | .915 | |
Vitality(V) | 5.0 | (3.2) | 5.4 | (4.1) | .529 | |
Fatigue(F) | 5.8 | (4.3) | 6.0 | (5.0) | .790 | |
Confusion(C) | 5.9 | (2.8) | 6.1 | (3.5) | .646 |