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Table 2 Comparison of Metabolic Profile, Clinical and Biochemical Variables Before and After 3 Months Crocin and Placebo Interventions

From: Evaluation of therapeutic effects of crocin in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy: a preliminary randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial

Parameters

Crocin group (No = 21)

Placebo group (No = 19)

Between group

p-value

Before

After

After-Before

Within group

p-value

Before

After

After-Before

Within group

p-value

Data are expressed as

Mean ± SD

 BMI (kg/m2)

27.21 ± 3.86

27.02 ± 3.95

−0.46 ± 1.25

0.12

27.26 ± 3.34

27.16 ± 3.44

−0.10 ± 0.56

0.49

0.30

 SBP (mm Hg)

150.25 ± 18.08

143.13 ± 26.07

−7.12 ± 14.95

0.07

138.20 ± 42.45

141.13 ± 18.71

2.93 ± 38.35

0.77

0.34

 DBP (mm Hg)

81.44 ± 16.46

77.19 ± 9.66

−4.25 ± 17.02

0.33

75.33 ± 12.31

78.13 ± 8.87

−2.80 ± 8.39

0.22

0.16

 FBS (mg/dL)

140.52 ± 36.71

146.24 ± 49.62

5.71 ± 38.58

0.51

136.58 ± 57.17

159.21 ± 62.62

22.63 ± 54.04

0.08

0.26

 Serum TC (mg/dL)

133.24 ± 29.49

141.81 ± 40.97

8.57 ± 33.22

0.25

157.89 ± 58.85

156.21 ± 64.61

−1.68 ± 22.33

0.75

0.26

 Serum TG (mg/dL)

157.89 ± 84.69

133.79 ± 43.21

−24.10 ± 74.57

0.17

143.52 ± 63.89

169.33 ± 69.71

25.81 ± 61.48

0.06

0.03*

 Serum HDL-C (mg/dL)

41.62 ± 9.93

45.95 ± 12.28

4.33 ± 14.36

0.18

48.68 ± 14.61

52.05 ± 14.41

3.37 ± 15.57

0.36

0.84

 Serum LDL-C (mg/dL)

64.51 ± 23.44

63.95 ± 33.57

−0.56 ± 26.58

0.92

79.21 ± 53.38

71.89 ± 61.40

− 7.32 ± 26.41

0.24

0.43

 BUN (mg/dL)

47.32 ± 27.83

46.65 ± 22.79

−0.67 ± 16.79

0.86

45.06 ± 12.34

43.78 ± 13.01

−1.28 ± 10.78

0.62

0.90

 HbA1c (%)

6.87 ± 0.67

7.03 ± 0.83

0.16 ± 0.56

0.22

7.32 ± 1.04

7.87 ± 1.69

0.48 ± 0.98

0.05

0.31

Data are expressed as

Median ± IQR

 SCr (mg/dL)

1.20 ± 0.40

1.10 ± 0.50

0.00 ± 0.30

0.41

1.10 ± 0.40

1.10 ± 0.70

0.00 ± 0.22

0.75

0.59

 ESR (mm/hr)

17.00 ± 28.00

22.00 ± 11.00

1.00 ± 15.50

0.98

17.50 ± 18.00

14.50 ± 17.00

−2.50 ± 7.75

0.05

0.15

 CRP (mg/dL)

5.00 ± 0.50

5.00 ± 1.00

0.00 ± 1.50

0.79

5.00 ± 0.00

5.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

0.46

0.94

 Urine micro albumin (mg/dL)

185.0 ± 232.5

128.5 ± 287.4

34 ± 141.55

0.26

181.00 ± 316.80

141.00 ± 131.3

11.50 ± 248.75

0.98

0.718

 UACR (mg/g)

161.00 ± 250.8

152.5 ± 188.8

10.5 ± 151

0.46

186.85 ± 240.8

157.5 ± 243.8

16 ± 143

0.58

0.98

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

61.00 ± 20.00

67.00 ± 36.00

0.00 ± 22.50

0.13

58.00 ± 39.25

62.00 ± 44.75

0.00 ± 9.75

0.94

0.47

 Serum TGF-β (ng/mL)

17.10 ± 0.80

16.92 ± 0.85

−0.21 ± 1.21

0.56

16.93 ± 1.98

17.29 ± 0.94

0.33 ± 2.40

0.35

0.21

  1. No Number, SD Standard Deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, FBS Fasting Blood Sugar, TC Total Cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL-C High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, LDL-C Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, SCr Serum Creatinine, IQR Interquartile Range, ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, CRP C-Reactive Protein, uACR Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, eGFR Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor-β; *Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05)