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Table 3 Distribution of mentions (n = 37) of TCAM modalities used for hypertension in Malaysia

From: Prevalence, determinants and outcomes of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use for hypertension among low-income households in Malaysia and the Philippines

TCAM type (by domain)

% of mentions

 Manipulative and body-based systems

40.5

  Massage

21.6

  Cupping

16.2

  Ceragam™ thermal massage

2.7

 Energy therapies

2.7

  Acupuncture

2.7

 Natural and biologically-based

59.5

  Non-specific root (akar kayu) drinks

8.1

  Bitter melon/gourd (peria katak) juice, capsules

5.4

  Al Sharia™ herbal medicine

2.7

  Andrographis paniculate (hempedu bumi) leaves

2.7

  Annona muricata (soursop) juice

2.7

  Cynometra cauliflora (nam nam) fruit

2.7

  Eskayvie phytax™ drink of various fruit extracts

2.7

  Fig vinegar

2.7

  Gardenia augusta (kacapiring/jasmine) leaves

2.7

  Genus stichopus (Gamat/sea cucumber)

2.7

  Herbal juice

2.7

  Herbalife™ product with protein powder, fruit extracts, herbs

2.7

  Honey

2.7

  Javanese sour herbs

2.7

  Olive oil

2.7

  Phaleria macrocarpa (Mahkota dewa) fruit

2.7

  Physalis angulata (letup-letup) leaves

2.7

  Pil mujarab (non-specific herbal tablet)

2.7

  Strobilanthen crispa (pecah kaca) leaves

2.7