Fig. 1

a Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Results expressed as mean ± SE (n = 4 each). IC₅₀ ethanolic leaf and DM leaf: 40.26 ± 0.52^b & 69.63 ± 0.56^a μg/mL respectively. Mean IC₅₀ values superscripted by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. Ethanolic leaf and DM leaf r² = 0.99 and 0.97 respectively. IC₅₀ rutin: 17.62 ± 0.01 μg/mL. DM: dichloromethane: methanol. b Superoxide radical scavenging activity. Results expressed as mean ± SE (n = 4 each). IC₅₀ ethanolic leaf and DM leaf: 696.24 ± 40.02^b & 1381.42 ± 98.30^a μg/mL respectively. Mean IC₅₀ values superscripted by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. Ethanolic leaf and DM leaf r² = 0.95 and 0.94 respectively. IC₅₀ quercetin: 75.58 ± 1.97 μg/mL. DM: dichloromethane: methanol; at 37.5 & 75 μg/mL: ethanol leaf no inhibition. c COX1enzyme inhibitory activity. Results expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3 each). IC₅₀ ethanolic leaf and DM leaf: 26.58 ± 2.79^a & 6.62 ± 0.85^b μg/mL respectively. Mean IC₅₀ values superscripted by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. Ethanolic leaf and DM leaf r² = 0.99. DM: dichloromethane: methanol. d COX2 enzyme inhibitory activity. Results expressed as mean ± SE (n = 3 each). IC₅₀ ethanol leaf and DM leaf: 318.74 ± 12.34^a & 44.91 ± 3.06^b μg/mL respectively. Mean IC₅₀ values superscripted by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05. Ethanol leaf and DM leaf r² = 0.99. DM: dichloromethane: methanol