Prevalence and associated factors of complementary and integrative medicine use in patients afflicted with COVID-19

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of individuals who experienced COVID-19, classified according to their use of traditional and integrative medicine during the disease course

Variable	Use of traditional and integrative medicine		Crude OR ^a (95% CI ^b)	P-value ^c	Adjusted OR^d (95% CI)	P-value
Variable	Yes n = 276	No n = 124
Age
≥ 50 years old	112 (59.42)	82 (66.13)	1	< 0.001*	1	1
< 50 years old	164 (40.58)	42 (33.87)	2.85 (1.84 to 4.45)	< 0.001*	1.85 (1.07 to 3.20)	0.029*
Sex; n (%)
Women	129 (46.7)	60 (48.4)	1		-	-
Men	147 (53.3)	64 (51.6)	1.07 (0.70 to 1.63	0.496		-
Marital status; n (%)
Single	43 (15.6)	16 (12.9)	1	-	-	-
Married	232 (84.1)	107 (86.3)	0.81 (0.44 to 1.50)	0.496	-	-
Other	1 (0.4)	1 (0.8)	-	-	-	-
Place of residence; n (%)
Rural area	15 (5.4)	18 (14.5)	1		1
Capital of Province	114 (41.3)	53 (42.7)	2.58 (1.21 to 5.51)	0.014*	0.81 (0.33 to 1.99)	0.639
Small cities	147 (53.3)	53 (42.7)	3.33 (1.57 to 7.07)	0.002*	1.57 (0.70 to 3.52)	0.272
Occupation; n (%)
Unemployed	138 (48.91)	53 (42.74)	1	0.253	-	-
Employed	141 (51.09)	71 (57.26)	0.78 (0.51 to 1.12)	0.253	-	-
Educational level; n (%)
Under-diploma and diploma	125 (45.29)	78 (62.90)	1		1
Having academic degree	151 (45.7)	46 (37.1)	2.05 (1.33 to 3.16)	0.001*	1.24 (0.67 to 2.30	0.489
Hospitalization; n (%)
Yes	79 (28.6)	80 (64.5)	1		1
No	197 (71.4)	44 (35.5)	4.53 (2.89 to 7.19)	< 0.001*	3.65 (2.21 to 6.02)	< 0.001*

(a) OR: Odds ratio calculated using univariable logistic regression; (b) CI: confidence interval; (c) P-values equal and less than 0.05 were considered significant. (d) OR adjusted for age, place of residence; educational level, and hospitalization because of COVID-19 using multivariate logistic regression

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