Ethnobotanical study of Hakka traditional medicine in Ganzhou, China and their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic assessments

Hu, Haibo; Yang, Yanfang; Aissa, Abdallah; Tekin, Volkan; Li, Jialin; Panda, Sujogya Kumar; Huang, Hao; Luyten, Walter

doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03712-z

Table 1 HTMs collected from the local herbal markets in Ganzhou, China

From: Ethnobotanical study of Hakka traditional medicine in Ganzhou, China and their antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic assessments

Herb No.	Voucher No.	Plant name	Family	Form of administration	Part used by Hakkas	Recorded part in CPH and CMM ^*	Application
1	GZ1801	Lycopodium japonicum Thunb.	Lycopodiaceae	bath, infusion, decoction	herb	herb^a	rheumatism syndrome, skin infection
2	GZ1885	Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring	Selaginellaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb^a	foot itching, blooding, traumatic injury
3	GZ1886	Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron.	Selaginellaceae	bath, decoction	herb	NT	detoxication, diuresis
4	GZ1828	Odontosoria chinensis J. Sm.	Lindsaeaceae	bath	herb	rhizome, herb	detoxication, rheumatism syndrome
5	GZ1881	Adiantum flabellulatum Linn.	Adiantaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	detoxicating, tongue sore
6	GZ1875	Selliguea hastata (Thunb.) H. Ohashi & K. Ohashi	Polypodiaceae	tea, decoction	herb	herb	detoxication, diuresis, stranguria
7	GZ1836	Loxogramme salicifolia (Makino) Makino	Polypodiaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	detoxication, cough
8	GZ1840	Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.	Equisetaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	skin itching, improving eyesight, hepatitis
9	GZ1818	Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.	Annonaceae	bath, infusion, decoction	root	root	rheumatism syndrome, promoting blood circulation, body pain
10	GZ1819	Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.	Annonaceae	bath	stem	root	rheumatism syndrome, skin infection
11	GZ1820	Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr.	Annonaceae	bath	leaf	root	rheumatism syndrome, skin infection
12	GZ1805	Chimonanthus grammatus M.C.Liu	Calycanthaceae	bath, tea	tender stem and leaf	NT	cold, infection, insecticide
13	GZ1850	Lindera glauca (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl.	Lauraceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	fruit, root, leaf	body pain, cold, infection, skin disease
14	GZ1878	Cinnamomum jensenianum Hand.-Mazz.	Lauraceae	bath, soup	tender stem and leaf	leaf, bark	cold, infections, skin disease
15	GZ1843	Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill.	Saururaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb^a	eczema, urinary tract infection
16	GZ1811	Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz.	Piperaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	rheumatism syndrome, tonifying kidney
17	GZ1890	Asarum caudigerum Hance	Aristolochiaceae	bath	herb	herb	insecticide, foot itching
18	GZ1834	Sabia japonica Maxim.	Sabiaceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	stem, root	dermatophytosis, rheumatism syndrome, detoxicating
19	GZ1810	Liquidambar formosana Hance	Hamamelidaceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	root, bark, leaf, and resin	rheumatism syndrome, skin itching
20	GZ1862	Semiliquidambar cathayensis H. T. Chang	Hamamelidaceae	bath, tea	tender stem and leaf	leaf, root	rheumatism syndrome, arthritis
21	GZ1883	Semiliquidambar cathayensis H. T. Chang	Hamamelidaceae	infusion, soup	root	leaf, root	rheumatism syndrome, body pain, traumatic injury
22	GZ1824	Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq.	Daphniphyllaceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	leaf, seed	sore ulcer, rheumatism syndrome
23	GZ1813	Ficus pumila L.	Moraceae	bath, tea	stem and leaf	stem and leaf, fruit, sap, root	dysentery, menstruation disorder, rheumatism syndrome
24	GZ1816	Ficus formosana f. shimadai Hayata	Moraceae	bath, soup	herb	root, leaf	enrich milk secretion and the blood, dysentery
25	GZ1880	Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner	Moraceae	bath, infusion	root	root	skin infection, rheumatism syndrome, detoxication
26	GZ1869	Ficus simplicissima Lour.	Moraceae	bath, soup	root, stem, and leaf	root, fruit	rheumatism syndrome, enrich milk secretion
27	GZ1851	Boehmeria nivea (L.) Hook. f. et Arn.	Urticaceae	bath, decoction	stem and leaf	root, stem, bark, leaf, flower	detoxication, diuresis
28	GZ1838	Elatostema involucratum Franch. et Savat.	Urticaceae	bath, paste, soup, vegetable	herb	herb	detoxication, diuresis, edema
29	GZ1854	Phytolacca americana Linn.	Phytolaccaceae	bath, decoction	herb(overground part)	root^a, seed, leaf	detoxication, diuresis
30	GZ1812	Polygonum chinense Linn.	Polygonaceae	bath, tea, decoction	herb	herb	detoxication, dysentery, cold
31	GZ1846	Persicaria chinensis var. paradoxa (H. Lév.) Bo Li	Polygonaceae	bath, food seasoning	herb	herb	detoxication, dysentery, diarrhea
32	GZ1806	infected leaves of Camellia oleifera Abel	Theaceae	fresh edible, tea	infected leaf	seed, oil, root, leaf, flowers, oil dreg	dysentery
33	GZ1814	Adinandra nitida Merr. ex Li	Theaceae	bath, tea, food pigments	stem and leaf	NT	infection, detoxication
34	GZ1815	Eurya acuminatissima Merr. et Chun	Theaceae	bath, tea	stem and leaf	NT	infection, detoxication
35	GZ1894	Hypericum japonicum Thunb. ex Murray	Guttiferae	tea, decoction	herb	herb	detoxication, hepatitis
36	GZ1844	Corchoropsis crenata Sieb. et Zucc.	Tiliaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb	indigestion, detumescence, skin infection
37	GZ1864	Urena lobata Linn.	Malvaceae	bath, paste	herb(overground part)	root, herb	cold, dysentery, rheumatism syndrome,
38	GZ1867	Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC.	Juglandaceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	root, bark, stem, fruit	insecticide, foot itching
39	GZ1837	Lysimachia alfredii Hance	Primulaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb	diuresis, stranguria
40	GZ1857	Lysimachia fortunei Maxim.	Primulaceae	bath, tea	herb	root, herb	dysentery, detoxication, sore throat
41	GZ1832	Dichroa febrifuga Lour.	Hydrangeaceae	bath	herb	root^a	detoxication, insecticide
42	GZ1847	Saxifraga stolonifera Curtis	Saxifragaceae	bath, paste	herb	herb	detoxication, infection, inflammation
43	GZ1855	Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.	Rosaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb^a	insecticide, detoxication, astringent
44	GZ1821	Callerya dielsiana (Harms) P.K. Loc ex Z. Wei & Pedley	Fabaceae	bath, soup	stem	root, stem, flower	rheumatism syndrome, arthralgia, menstruation disorder
45	GZ1889	Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.	Fabaceae	bath, decoction	herb	NT	detoxication, dysentery
46	GZ1859	Dalbergia hupeana Hance	Fabaceae	bath	tender stem and leaf	root, root bark, leaf	detoxication, rheumatism syndrome, detumescence
47	GZ1891	Gonocarpus micranthus Thunb.	Haloragaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb	dysentery, cough
48	GZ1863	Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.	Melastomataceae	bath, decoction, paste	herb	root, herb, fruit	skin diseases, rheumatism syndrome, gastrointestinal infection, snake bite
49	GZ1833	Scurrula parasitica Linn.	Loranthaceae	bath, infusion, decoction, soup	tender stem and leaf	stem and leaf	rheumatism syndrome, body pain, skin diseases
50	GZ1831	Buxus sinica (Rehd. et Wils.) M. Cheng	Buxaceae	bath, decoction	tender stem and leaf	stem, leaf, root	furunculosis, tooth pain
51	GZ1866	Phyllanthus glaucus Wall. ex Muell. Arg.	Euphorbiacea	bath, decoction, paste	tender herb	root	bacillary dysentery, rheumatism syndrome
52	GZ1804	Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J. Wen & Z. L. Nie	Vitaceae	bath, tea	stem and leaf	stem, leaf, root, root bark	rheumatism syndrome, body pain
53	GZ1802	Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn.	Simaroubaceae	bath, decoction	woody stem	stem and leaf^a, bark, root	skin infection, eczema, enteritidis
54	GZ1803		Simaroubaceae	bath	leaf	stem and leaf^b, bark, root	skin infection, eczema
55	GZ1887	Polygala japonica Houtt.	Polygalaceae	bath, infusion, paste	herb	herb^a, root	skin disease, cough, insecticide
56	GZ1888	Polygala angustifolia (Chodat) R.N. Banerjee	Polygalaceae	bath	herb	NT	skin disease, cough, insecticide
57	GZ1809	Turpinia arguta Seem.	Staphyleaceae	bath, decoction, paste	leaf	leaf^a, root	traumatic injury, skin ulcer, pyogenic infection
58	GZ1845	Zanthoxylum simulans Hance	Rutaceae	bath, food seasoning	tender stem and leaf	leaf, fruit, bark	foot skin disease, insecticide, rheumatism syndrome
59	GZ1827	Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.	Araliaceae	bath, decoction	stem	bark, leaf, bud	rheumatism syndrome, dysentery, diarrhea
60	GZ1865	Heptapleurum heptaphyllum (L.) Y. F. Deng	Araliaceae	bath, decoction	tender stem and leaf	root, bark, leaf	blooding, rheumatism syndrome, dysentery, body pain
61	GZ1856	Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. et Planch.	Araliaceae	bath, decoction	leaf	root bark, leaf	rheumatism syndrome, traumatic injury
62	GZ1896	Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem.	Apocynaceae	bath, decoction	tender stem and leaf	stem and leaf^a	skin itching, rheumatism syndrome, body pain
63	GZ1870	Cynanchum stauntonii (Decne.) Schltr. ex H.Lév.	Apocynaceae	bath, decoction	herb	rhizome and roots^a	skin disease, cough, traumatic injury
64	GZ1842	Physalis angulata Linn.	Solanaceae	bath, soup, tea, vegetable	herb	herb	dysentery, trachitis, skin infection
65	GZ1882	Dichondra micrantha Urb.	Convolvulaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	dysentery, hepatitis
66	GZ1841	Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn.	Convolvulaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb	dysentery, icterus
67	GZ1873	Verbena officinalis Linn.	Verbenaceae	bath, paste, decoction	herb	herb^a	dysentery, body pain, edema
68	GZ1871	Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz.	Verbenaceae	bath, food preservatives, decoction	tender stem and leaf	leaf^a, root, stem, fruit	dysentery, gastroenteritis, influenza
69	GZ1839	Origanum vulgare Linn.	Lamiaceae	bath, soup, tea	herb	herb	skin infection, heatstroke, influenza
70	GZ1852	Salvia prionitis Hance	Lamiaceae	bath, soup	herb, root	herb	influenza, fever, dysentery, diarrhea
71	GZ1895	Caryopteris incana (Thunb.) Miq.	Lamiaceae	bath, infusion, tea	herb	herb	upper respiratory infection, body pain, traumatic injury
72	GZ1893	Mosla scabra (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li	Lamiaceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	influenza, headache, heatstroke, gastroenteritis
73	GZ1817	Buddleja lindleyana Fortune	Buddlejaceae	bath, pesticides	fruit	stem and leaf, flower, root	dermatophytosis, insecticide
74	GZ1892	Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.	Scrophulariaceae	bath, tea, decoction	herb	herb^a	dysentery, icterus, hepatitis
75	GZ1807	Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) J.B.Imlay	Acanthaceae	bath, tea, food pigments	herb	rhizome and root^a, leaf	measles, influenza, headache, icterus
76	GZ1808	Mussaenda pubescens Dryand.	Rubiaceae	bath, tea	stem and leaf	stem and leaf	detoxication, influenza, pharyngitis
77	GZ1823	Paederia foetida Linn.	Rubiaceae	bath, decoction	herb	herb, fruit	eczema, skin infection, rheumatism syndrome, body pain
78	GZ1835	Hedyotis mellii Tutch.	Rubiaceae	bath, tea	herb	NT	detoxication, influenza, fever
79	GZ1830	Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil.	Rubiaceae	bath, decoction	hook-like stem and leaf	hook-like stem^a, root	rheumatism syndrome, body pain
80	GZ1884	Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb.	Rubiaceae	bath, tea, decoction	herb	herb	influenza, cough, tooth pain
81	GZ1861	Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Caprifoliaceae	bath, tea, decoction	stem and leaf	stem, flower bud^a	detoxication, influenza, rheumatism syndrome,
82	GZ1872	Ixeris polycephala Cass. ex DC.	Asteraceae	bath, soup, tea, vegetable	herb	herb	detoxication, skin infection, furuncle
83	GZ1897	Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn.	Asteraceae	bath, soup, vegetable, paste	herb	herb	dysentery, bleeding, furuncle
84	GZ1860	Solidago decurrens Lour.	Asteraceae	Bath, decoction	herb	herb^a, root	skin disease, pharyngitis, pneumonia
85	GZ1848	Aster pekinensis (Hance) Kitag.	Asteraceae	Bath, decoction	herb	herb	fever, cough
86	GZ1849	Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore	Asteraceae	bath, soup, vegetable	herb	herb	detoxication, skin infection, indigestion
87	GZ1829	Bidens pilosa Linn.	Asteraceae	bath, tea	herb	herb	dysentery, hepatitis
88	GZ1822	Duhaldea cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Anderb.	Asteraceae	bath, decoction	herb	NT	cold, cough, rheumatism syndrome
89	GZ1877	Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton	Acoraceae	bath, decoction, tea	herb	rhizome^a	skin itching, naupathia, dysentery
90	GZ1853	Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.	Poaceae	bath	herb	herb, seed	hidroschesis of kids
91	GZ1879	Lophatherum gracile Brongn.	Poaceae	bath, tea	leaf with stem	leaf with stem^a	diuresis, heat, throat pain
92	GZ1874	Zingiber officinale Rosc.	Zingiberaceae	bath, tea	herb(overground part)	leaf and stem	skin disease, naupathia, indigestion
93	GZ1858	Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith	Zingiberaceae	bath, decoction	stem and leaf	rhizome, fruit	dysentery, indigestion
94	GZ1825	Alpinia japonica (Thunb.) Miq.	Zingiberaceae	bath	herb	rhizome, fruit	skin disease, rheumatism syndrome
95	GZ1826	Alpinia japonica (Thunb.) Miq.	Zingiberaceae	bath, infusion, food seasoning	fruit	rhizome, fruit	skin disease, rheumatism syndrome, indigestion, tooth pain
96	GZ1876	Smilax riparia A. DC.	Smilacaceae	bath, infusion, decoction	root with rhizome	root with rhizome	skin itching, rheumatism syndrome, traumatic injury
97	GZ1868	Smilax glabra Roxb.	Smilacaceae	bath, infusion, decoction	rhizome	rhizome^a	insecticide, syphilis, scabies

^* The herbal part in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CPH) was marked with “^a”, while the others not marked are from the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) and NT means no record in CPH nor CMM

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