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Table 5 Determinants of pharmacy professionals’ attitude on herbal medicine across the categories of socio-demographic and other background characteristics at bivariate level, Asmara, Eritrea, 2021 (N = 50)

From: Herbal Medicine (HM) among pharmacy professionals working in drug retail outlets in Asmara, Eritrea: knowledge, attitude and prevalence of use

Variable

category

Median (IQR)

Mann-Whitney Z/Kruskal-Wallis χ2

p-value

Type of drug retail outlets by privacy

Governmental

70 (5.4)

−0.57

0.566

Private

70.4 (4.0)

  

Type of drug retail outlets

Drug shop

68.8 (3.60)

−1.65

0.1

Pharmacy

70.4 (4.20)

  

Sex

Male

70.4 (4.0)

−0.36

0.718

Female

70.4 (4.80)

  

Religion

Christian

70.4 (4.80)

−0.31

0.760

Muslim

70 (1.40)

  

Educational level

Diploma

69.6 (4.0)

1.14

0.565

BPharm

70.4 (4.0)

  

MSc

72 (−)a

  

Marital status

Single

72.8 (6.0)

2.83

0.243

Married

70.4 (4.0)

  

Separated

69.6 (−)a

  

Pharmacy ownership

Owner

69.6 (4.0)

−0.61

0.543

Employee

70.4 (4.4)

  

Training or workshop on herbal medicines

Yes

68 (7.60)

−1.33

0.182

No

70.4 (4.0)

  

Variables

rs

p-value

Age

−0.157

0.276

Work experience (in retail pharmacy outlet)

−0.183

0.204

Overall work experience (pharmacy field)

−0.211

0.141

  1. IQR Interquartile range, Z Z score
  2. aToo few data to get the IQR, χ2: Chi-square, rs: Spearman rank correlation