Table 1 Basic characteristics and homogeneity of children

Sex

 Male

49.00%

47.60%

0.81

52.20%

47.50%

0.49

 Female

51.00%

52.40%

47.80%

52.50%

Age

 Mean(SD)

10.45(1.60)

10.50(1.72)

0.76

10.41(1.67)

10.37(1.74)

0.88

 ≥10 years

69.00%

70.10%

0.85

66.10%

66.70%

0.93

 <10 years

31.00%

29.90%

33.90%

33.30%

Having sibling(s)

 Yes

85.50%

87.40%

0.64

86.70%

86.60%

0.98

 No

14.50%

12.60%

13.30%

13.40%

Main caregiver

 Mother

74.70%

72.80%

0.71

75.70%

71.70%

0.51

 Others

25.30%

27.20%

24.30%

28.30%

Family type

 Two parents

78.90%

68.00%

0.03*

80.50%

70.70%

0.09

 Others

21.10%

32.00%

19.50%

29.30%

Insurance type

 NHI

86.10%

84.20%

0.65

84.00%

85.10%

0.82

 Not NHI

13.90%

15.80%

16.00%

14.90%

Household income

 ≥3000$

32.00%

32.60%

0.91

30.30%

36.20%

0.37

 <3000$

68.00%

67.40%

69.70%

63.80%

Paternal education level

 Bachelor’s degree or above

54.20%

59.80%

0.36

51.60%

56.30%

0.52

 High school or less

45.80%

40.20%

48.40%

43.70%

Maternal education level

 Bachelor’s degree or above

54.70%

50.40%

0.49

54.40%

40.30%

0.06

 High school or less

45.30%

49.60%

45.60%

59.70%

Paternal employment

 Yes

95.40%

95.20%

0.94

93.80%

95.30%

0.64

 No

4.60%

4.80%

6.20%

4.70%

Maternal employment

 Yes

68.60%

69.10%

0.93

71.20%

68.30%

0.67

 No

31.40%

30.90%

28.80%

31.70%

Having past medical history

 Yes

54.80%

43.50%

0.05

56.50%

40.40%

0.02*

 No

45.20%

56.50%

43.50%

59.60%

Having present illness

 Yes

25.80%

19.00%

0.16

31.30%

19.20%

0.04*

 No

74.20%

81.00%

68.70%

80.80%