Table 2 Characteristics of Veteran Participants (n = 20)
Sociodemographic | |
Age (mean, SD) | 54, 13.77 |
Race (n, %) | |
White | 15, 75% |
Black | 4, 20% |
Asian | 1, 5% |
Unknown | 0 |
Ethnicity (n, %) | |
Hispanic | 1, 5% |
Non-Hispanic | 18, 90% |
Unknown | 1, 5% |
Gender, men (n, %) | 16, 80% |
TBI history (n, %) | 7, 35% |
Headache | |
Distinct types (mean, SD) | 1.4, 0.68 |
Migraine (n, %) | 15, 75% |
Tension-type (n, %) | 3, 15% |
Cluster headache (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Headache NOS (n, %) | 7, 35% |
PTHA (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Mental Health Comorbidities | |
Distinct types (mean, SD) | 2.05, 1.1 |
Depression (n, %) | 10, 50% |
Anxiety (n, %) | 7, 35% |
PTSD (n, %) | 13, 65% |
Dissociative disorder (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Adjustment disorder (n, %) | 6, 30% |
Panic attacks (n, %) | 2, 10% |
OCD (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Affective disorder (n, %) | 1, 5% |
MST (n, %) | 0 |
None (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Service-Connected Status | |
Total (n, %) | 20, 100%. Mean service connection is 68%. |
Headache (n, %) | 10, 50% |
Headache (mean, SD) | 33%, 14.94 |
TBI (n, %) | 2, 10% |
TBI (mean, SD) | 70%, 0 |
PTSD (n, %) | 7, 35% |
PTSD (mean, SD) | 58.57%, 15.74 |
None (mean, SD) | 0 |
Therapeutic Modalities | |
Prescription abortive medication(s) | 10, 50% |
Prescription preventive medication(s) | 17, 85% |
Riboflavin | 1, 5% |
Magnesium oxide | 3, 15% |
Coenzyme Q10 | 1, 5% |
Healthcare Utilization | |
PCP only (n, %) | 1, 5% |
Neurology (n, %) | 14, 71% |
Polytrauma (n, %) | 13, 65% |
Health psychology (n, %) | 6, 30% |
Telehealth | |
Pre-COVID only (n, %) | 1, 5% |
During COVID only (n, %) | 7, 35% |
Both pre- and during COVID (n, %) | 8, 40% |
None | 13, 65% |