Fig. 7

DAT displays anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in vitro. A The fecal DAT levels of mice treated with vehicle (PBS) or TFA for 1 week were measured by mass spectroscopy (n = 3 mice per group). MH-S cells were untreated (PBS) or treated with DAT and then infected with PR8 (MOI = 0.01). The mRNA levels of (B) viral, (C) IL-1β, (D) IL-6, (E) TNF-α, (F) IFN-β, (G) Mx2, (H) Oas1, and (I) Oas2 were determined by real-time PCR. β-actin was used as a control. J Phosphorylated and total levels of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK were measured in MH-S cells by western blot. K Immunoblotting of RIG-I, MAVS, total and phosphorylated TBK1, and IRF3 measured in MH-S cells. The intensities of bands relative to the control were measured with ImageJ software, and the results are shown below. The value are shown as means ± SD of three individual trials. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01