Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model

Table 1 Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia on oxidative stress markers

Groups	PON1 (U/L) p = 0.005	ARY (KU/L) p = 0.006	TAC (mM/L) p = 0.036	TOS (uM/L) p = 0.001	MDA (pM/dl) p = 0.02	Catalase (KU/min) p = 0.0	SOD (ng/ml) p = 0.041
NC	18.60 ± 3.62^a	140.88 ± 5.5^ab	1.17 ± 0.2^ab	22.56 ± 4.72^ab	1.66 ± 0.34^ab	16.93 ± 2.06^ab	7.83 ± 0.16^ab
PC	17.18 ± 0.98^a	125.71 ± 1.78^a	1.04 ± 0.41^a	31.13 ± 3.34^b	2.64 ± 0.47^bc	10.07 ± 0.71^a	5.17 ± 0.8^a
SC	24.59 ± 0.53^ab	147.18 ± 6.83^ab	1.4 ± 0.17^ab	23.26 ± 1.97^ab	1.06 ± 0.21^ab	17.56 ± 0.68^b	6.52 ± 0.89^ab
EH1	26.24 ± 2.57^ab	145.29 ± 6.31^ab	1.61 ± 0.2^ab	18.94 ± 0.82^a	1.17 ± 0.28^bc	19.37 ± 4.29^b	7.87 ± 0.15^ab
EH 2	31.28 ± 3.58^b	163.41 ± 7.77^b	2.5 ± 0.47^b	12.97 ± 0.61^a	0.82 ± 0.5^a	31.18 ± 1.78^c	8.39 ± 1.06^b

Data are expressed as means ± standard errors of a total of 8 samples for each group. Values with different letters in a column are significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). NC, negative control group; PC, positive control group (Diabetic rats without any treatment); SC (Standard control group (Diabetic rats treated with metformin at 1 mg/kg body weight via oral lavage); EH1, Treatment group-I (Diabetic rats given methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia at dose of 200 mg/Kg BW via oral lavage); EH2, Treatment group-II (Diabetic rats given methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia at dose of 400 mg/Kg BW via oral lavage); PON1, Paraoxonase activity; ARY, Arylesterase activity, TAC; Total antioxidant capacity, TOS; Total oxidant status, SOD; Superoxide dismutase

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