Fig. 4

Tetrandrine-mediated inhibition of Ca²⁺/calpain-1 signaling in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats. TRPC6 overexpressing rat model was established (a, b). c Calpain and (d) calcineurin activity was measured. e Typical bands showing the protein levels of TRPC6, calpain-1, calcineurin, Talin-1 and nephrin, normalized to GAPDH. The mRNA (f-i) and protein expressions (j-m) of calpain-1, Talin-1, calcineurin and nephrin, respectively. CsA was used as the positive control. Different letters represent statistically different values (P < 0.05), whereas the same letters indicate no significant difference