Fig. 3

Effects of HDR-2 on NO levels. NO levels in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, hippocampal neurons, and HUVECs treated with HDR-2. NO production at baseline (control; CTL) and after treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS or individual extracts in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages (a), at baseline and after treatment with 50 μM Glu or individual extracts in cultured rat hippocampal neurons (b), and at baseline and after treatment with 10 μM ACh or individual extracts in HUVECs (c). ^*/#P < 0.05, ^**/##P < 0.01 and ^***/###P < 0.001 vs the CTL group; symbols refer to significant differences (* symbol: increase/# symbol: decrease) between the treated group and the control group. NS, not significant