Fig. 5From: Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 prevents cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease mice by modulating propionic acid levels, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity, and gliosisThe effects of PS128 supplementation on the levels of gliosis in 3 × Tg-AD mice treated with icv-STZ. A Representative images of immunostaining of microglia with Iba1 antibodies and astrocytes with GFAP antibodies in the hippocampus of different groups. The quantitative results for activated microglia (B) and astrocytes (C). Scale bar = 200 μm. Arrowheads, positive staining signals. The quantitative data are presented as the means ± SEM (n = 3 animals per group). † P < 0.05 compared with the B6 mice in the saline/icv-saline group. ** P < 0.05 and *** P < 0.001 compared with the 3 × Tg-AD mice in the saline/icv-saline group. ### P < 0.001 compared with the 3 × Tg-AD mice in the saline/icv-STZ groupBack to article page