Table 5 Summary of findings for the main comparisons in randomized controlled trials on Huaiqihuang for Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis
Certainty assessment | No. of patients | Effect | Certainty | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | E | C | Relative [95% CI] | Absolute [95% CI] | |
Clinical cure rate 3 (GC + HQH versus GC) | RCT | Serious a | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 49/84 | 32/82 | RR 1.41 [1.06,1.89] | 160 more per 1000 [from 23more to 347more] | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low |
Clinical cure rate 3 (GC + IS HQH versus GC + IS) | RCT | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 53/100 | 29/97 | RR 2.02 [0.97,4.18] | – | ⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very Low |
Total effective rate 3 (GC + HQH versus GC) | RCT | Serious a | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 74/84 | 55/82 | RR 1.29 [1.10,1.50] | 195 more per 1000 [from 67more to 335more] | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low |
Total effective rate 3 (GC + IS+HQH versus GC + IS) | RCT | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 87/100 | 58/97 | RR 1.52 [1.02,2.26] | 311 more per 1000 [from 12more to 753more] | ⊕⊖⊖⊖ Very Low |
Urine sediment erythrocyte 3 (GC + IS+HQH versus GC + IS) | RCT | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 100 | 97 | – | MD −9.23 [−10.76, −7.69] | ⊕⊕⊕⊖ Moderate |
Adverse events 3 | RCT | Serious a | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | Publication bias unclear c | 9/73 | 20/70 | RR 0.43 [0.15,1.24] | – | ⊕⊕⊖⊖ Low |