Table 3 Anti-dengue effects of potent natural products/extracts
Natural products/Extracts | Virus strain | Culture | Proposed mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous leaf extract (Azidarachta indica) | DENV-2 | C6/36 cells | Undefined | [37] |
Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether and coumane (Alternanthera philoxeroides) | DENV | C6/36 cells | Undefined | [37] |
Flavonoids and cyclohexenyl (Boesenbergia rotunda) | DENV-2 | C6/36 cells | Inhibition of dengue-2 virus NS3 protease | [37] |
Narasin | DENV-2 | Huh-7 cells | Disrupts viral protein synthesis | [37] |
Quercetin | DENV-2 | C6/36 cells | Inhibits viral replication | |
Polyphenol (Sambucus nigra) | DENV-2 | BHK-21, VERO cells | Undefined | [37] |
Ethanol extract of leaves (Senna angustifolia, Tridax procumbers), and methanol extract of leaves (Vernonia cinerea) | DENV-2 | VERO cells | Undefined | [37] |
Baicalein | DENV-2 | VERO cells | Virucidal activity against extracellular virus | [37] |
Chebulagic acid and punicalagin (Terminalia chebula) | DENV-2 | VERO cells | Inactivate free virus particles and inhibit early viral entry | [37] |
Schisandrin (Schisandra chinensis) | DENV | VERO cells | Inhibits DENV replication | [37] |
4-hydroxypanduratin A | DENV-2 | – | Virucidal activity | |
Ursolic acid | DENV-2 | Huh-7, BHK-21, A549 HEK-293 T | Virucidal activity | [40] |
luteolin | DENV-2 | Huh-7, BHK-21, A549 HEK-293 T | Virucidal activity | [40] |
Indirubin | DENV-2 | Huh-7, BHK-21, A549 HEK-293 T | Virucidal activity | [40] |
Apigenin | DENV-2 | Huh-7, BHK-21, A549 HEK-293 T | Virucidal activity | [40] |
Esculetin | DENV-2 | Huh-7, BHK-21, A549 HEK-293 T | Virucidal activity | [40] |
Oleanolic acid | DENV-2 | C6/36 | Virucidal activity | Present study |