Fig. 5

Proposed preventive and therapeutic mechanism of LBP in OA Factors related to anti-ageing effect of LBP are shown in pink; factors that are related to OA but not yet proved to be related to LBP is shown in blue; largely overlapped working mechanism of LBP with pathomechanims of OA (in yellow). It points to a direction that LBP is an emerging disease-modifying drug candidate for OA therapy. LBP (Lycium barbarum polysaccharide); Bach1 (BTB domain and CNC homolog 1); Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2); GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase); SOD (superoxide dismutase); CAT (catalase); ROS (reactive oxygen species); DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl); MDA (malondialdehyde); Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2); TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α); NO (nitric oxide); DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); MDM2 (murine double minute 2); TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase); SA-βgal (Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase); MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1); MMP-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-3); miR-124 (microRNA-124); IL-1β (interleukin-1β); Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase-2); IL-6 (interleukin-6); IL-8 (interleukin-8); iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase); NF-κBp65 (nuclear factor kappa-B); OA (osteoarthritis)