Fig. 6

Beneficial effects of ECS on mitochondrial membrane potential in the Aβ-induced model and the H₂O₂-induced model. High MMP in cells promotes the formation of dye aggregates that fluoresce red, while low potential promotes monomeric JC-1, which fluoresces green. A Mitochondria stained with JC-1 in the different groups. B Red/green fluorescence ratios in the different groups. Scale bar: 10 μm. All values are shown as the means ± SEMs from five independent studies. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc comparisons. ^#p < 0.05, vs. control group; ^aP < 0.05, vs. Aβ model group; ^bP < 0.05, vs. H₂O₂ model