Identification of 3,3′-O-dimethylellagic acid and apigenin as the main antiplasmodial constituents of Endodesmia calophylloides Benth and Hymenostegia afzelii (Oliver.) Harms

Table 1 Extraction yield and biological activities of crude extracts

Plant species	Part	Solvent	Code	Yield (%)	EC₅₀ (μg/mL)		RI	CC₅₀ (μg/mL)		SI
					EC₅₀ (μg/mL)			CC₅₀ (μg/mL)		*Vero*	*Raw*
					Pf3D7	PfDd2		*Vero*	*Raw*	Pf3D7 (PfDd2)	Pf3D7 (PfDd2)
H. afzelii	Stem bark	Hydroethanol	Hasb^HE	19.50	3.32 ± 0.15	3.08 ± 0.21	0.93	> 200	> 200	> 60.24 (> 64.94)	> 60.24 (> 64.94)^a
H. afzelii	Stem bark	Methanol	Hasb^M	12.50	> 100	> 100	–	–	–	–	–
E. calophylloides	Stem bark	Hydroethanol	Ecsb^HE	07.40	5.32 ± 0.03	8.72 ± 1.02	1.63	66.85 ± 4.45	31.72 ± 6.27	12.57 (7.67)	5.96 (3.63)
E. calophylloides	Stem bark	Methanol	Ecsb^M	08.20	7.40 ± 0.19	7.48 ± 0.07	1.01	> 200	99.09 ± 1.42	> 27.02 (> 26.74)	13.40 (13.24)^a
Reference drugs (μM)	Artemisinin				0.014 ± 0.001	0.018 ± 0.003	1.28	NA	NA	–	–
Reference drugs (μM)	Chloroquine				0.018 ± 0.002	0.449 ± 0.065	24.94	NA	NA	–	–
	Podophyllotoxin				NA	NA		1.89 ± 0.38	0.76 ± 0.09	–	–

Results are expressed as Means ± standard deviation of duplicate experiments
Hasb^HE hydroethanolic extract of Hymenostegia afzelii stem bark, Hasb^M methanolic extract of Hymenostegia afzelii stem bark, Ecsb^HE hydroethanolic extract of Endodesmia calophylloides stem bark, Ecsb^M methanolic extract of Endodesmia calophylloides stem bark, Pf Plasmodium falciparum, NA not applicable, EC₅₀ 50% effective concentration, CC₅₀ 50% cytotoxicity concentration, RI resistance index, SI selectivity index; ^aCrude extracts of interest

ISSN: 2662-7671