Table 5 Effects on macrophages treated with enriched fractions of Lippia alba essential oils

CC₅₀ (μg/mL)

–

298

–

–

–

–

FIC^a

–

–

–

1.7

0.9

1

O₂⁻ Mitochondrial^c

0.53

0.97

1.8

–

0.91

–

ΔΨm^b

N

N

0.85

N

N

N

Genome DNA^d

N

F

N

N

N

N

Cellular membrane^e

N

N

N

N

N

N

Death phenotype^g

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

IFN-γ (10⁻⁸ pg/mL)^h

–

1.4

0

2.2

2.3

1.4

IL-2 (10⁻⁴ pg/mL) ^h

–

1.5

3.2

2.6

2.4

1.5

TNF-α (pg/mL) ^h

–

70.3

3.4

2.8

14.7

1.8

RANTES (pg/mL) ^h

–

30.3

2.5

2.9

4.8

1.7

IL-10 (10⁻³ pg/mL) ^h

–

0.8

1.9

0.6

0.4

2.5

IL-4 (10⁻⁶ pg/mL) ^h

–

2.4

1.5

7.3

4.9

2.5

Genotoxicity^f

–

% Type 0

100

–

57

41

6

% Type 1

–

1

36

41

54

90

% Type 2

–

7

53

2

4

4

% Type 3

–

89

8

0

1

0

% Type 4

–

3

3

0

0

0

IC₅₀ (μg/mL)

–

48

–

–

–

1

FIC^a

–

–

0.4

0.6

0.4

–

O₂⁻ Mitochondrial^c

0.98

1.56

0.77

–

0.82

–

ΔΨm^b

↓

↓

↓↓↓

–

↓↓↓

–

Genome DNA^d

N

F

F

–

F

–

Cellular membrane^e

N

D

N

–

N

–

Death phenotype^g

% Type of Death

N

Nec

60

Apop

80

–

Apop

80

0

IFN-γ (10⁻⁸ pg/mL) ^h

4.0

3.5

2.2

0.8

0.4

0

IL-2 (10⁻⁴ pg/mL) ^h

4.4

3.9

2.5

0.9

0.5

8.4

TNF-α (pg/mL) ^h

24.6

81.2

3.9

12.6

73.3

7.1

RANTES (pg/mL) ^h

29.3

50.1

4.8

6.5

23.0

0.5

IL-10 (10⁻³ pg/mL) ^h

0.5

1.3

0.6

0.4

0.8

7.3

IL-4 (10⁻⁶ pg/mL) ^h

2.4

0

2.5

7.4

2.5

8