Fig. 3

Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses revealed significant differences among the microbiota of the three groups (NC, T2DM, and MLE). (A) Chao1 index. (B) Number of observed. (C) Shannon index. (D) Unweighted unifrac emperor PCoA. Statistical analysis was conducted via two-tailed unequal variance Student’s t-test (*, P-value< 0.05; **, P-value< 0.01; ***, P-value< 0.001)