Interest of a standardized hypnotic message for the reduction of pain and anxiety in cancer patients treated by capsaicin patch for neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Pain and anxiety before and after application of a capsaicin patch and duration of patch application as perceived by the patient in the three study arms

	STANDARD N = 23	HYPNOSIS N = 23	MUSIC N = 23	p-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p-value
Pain ^a
Before application	4.5 ± 2.3	3.2 ± 2.6	3.4 ± 2.2	0.196
Immediately after application	4 ± 2.2	3.0 ± 2.4	3.8 ± 2	0.245 *
After patch removal	6.4 ± 2.9	4.6 ± 2.9	5.3 ± 2.6	0.355 *
72 h after patch removal	3.4+/−2.9	3.2+/− 2.9	2.1+/− 2.7	0.461 *
Anxiety ^a
Before application	3.9 ± 3.1	2.3 ± 2.7	1.9 ± 2.7	0.100
Immediately after application	4.0 ± 3.2	2.3 ± 2.7	1.9 ± 2.7	0.783 *
After patch removal	4.2 ± 3.2	1.2 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 2.5	0.010 *
Duration of patch application as perceived by the patient, minutes	63.8 ± 10.7	44.6 ± 16.5	49.3 ± 14.7	0.002

Abbreviations: SD standard deviation
^a Numerical rating scale (NRS). The NRS score ranges from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain/anxiety and 10 the worst imaginable pain/anxiety. Higher scores on the NRS scale indicate a higher intensity of pain/anxiety
* Adjusted for values prior to patch application

ISSN: 2662-7671