Fig. 1

Effects of SAL on LPS-induced HUVECs injury. a HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of SAL (10, 25, 50, 100 μM) for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. b HUVECs were pretreated with 50 μM SAL for 2 h, followed by incubation with LPS (10 μg/mL) for further 24 h. SAL attenuates LPS -induced reduction in cell viability. (c) SAL increases the release of LDH into culture media. ELISA assay was used to measure the concentrations of inflammatory cytokine in culture media. SAL attenuates the LPS-induced increase in (d) TNF-α and (e) IL-1β in culture media of HUVECs. The values presented are the means ± SD of three independent experiments, and are analyzed by ANOVA. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs control group; ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs LPS group