Fig. 3

A. indica also reduces the levels of other markers of SEB induced immune activation (CD69) and exhaustion (PD-1 and Tim-3) in PBMCs obtained from study participants. Levels of SEB induced %CD4+/CD69+ T cells after addition of A. indica (A.I) + SEB, Cyclosporine (Cyclo) + SEB, SEB, A. I negative (Neg) control (Cyclo alone) and unstimulated conditions in (a) HIV negative (b) viral load < 1000 copies/ mL and (c) viral load > 1000 copies/ mL study groups. %CD4+/Tim3+ T cell levels following the maintenance of similar stimulatory conditions as in (a-c) that involved addition of A. I + SEB, Cyclo + SEB, SEB, A. I, negative (Neg) control (Cyclo alone) and the unstimulated states in (d) HIV negative (e) viral load < 1000 copies/ mL and (f) viral load > 1000 copies/ mL study groups. Percent levels of CD4+/PD-1+ T cells following stimulation with A. I + SEB, Cyclo + SEB, SEB, A. I, negative (Neg) control (Cyclo alone) and the unstimulated states in (a) HIV negative (b) viral load < 1000 copies/ mL and (c) viral load > 1000 copies/ mL study groups. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Each datapoint represents results obtained from individual donor samples