Table 3 Anti-inflammatory activity by inhibitory effects on NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 cells of the Mahanintangtong formula and its constituent herbs (n = 3)
Plant name | Extracts type | IC50 ± SEM (μg/ml) | Cytotoxic activity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO | TNF-α | IL-6 | % Survival (conc. 100 μg/mL) | ||
Entada rheedii (carbonized) | Ethanol | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 79.74 ± 3.45 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 73.06 ± 2.83 | |
Spondias pinnata (carbonized) | Ethanol | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 102.65 ± 4.72 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 88.23 ± 0.78 | |
Sapindus rarak (carbonized) | Ethanol | 66.78 ± 1.38 | > 100 | > 100 | 71.86 ± 3.09 (conc. 70 μg/mL) |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 95.58 ± 6.81 | |
Calamus caesius (carbonized) | Ethanol | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 93.97 ± 3.99 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 107.91 ± 6.05 | |
Tectona grandis (carbonized) | Ethanol | 52.47 ± 3.58 | 21.26 ± 0.40 | 49.38 ± 1.44 | 97.57 ± 5.36 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 97.64 ± 1.88 | |
Dracaena loureiroi | Ethanol | 9.42 ± 1.81 | 55.27 ± 5.47 | 12.02 ± 0.30 | 92.49 ± 1.39 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 98.54 ± 0.92 | |
Myristica fragrans | Ethanol | 35.78 ± 2.22 | 14.03 ± 2.12 | 55.26 ± 4.50 | 96.14 ± 1.68 (conc. 50 μg/mL) |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 97.97 ± 0.20 | |
Pogostemon cablin | Ethanol | > 100 | 10.68 ± 0.02 | 17.37 ± 0.78 | 95.45 ± 2.80 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 94.86 ± 3.43 | |
Tiliacora triandra | Ethanol | > 100 | 82.22 ± 3.89 | > 100 | 96.06 ± 23.11 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 92.05 ± 5.54 | |
Chinese ink (Inkstick) | Ethanol | > 100 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 90.15 ± 6.62 | |
Monetaria moneta (Money cowry) | Ethanol | > 100 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 93.98 ± 2.09 | |
Mahanintangtong formula | Ethanol | 28.03 ± 0.64 | 33.09 ± 0.22 | 17.20 ± 0.65 | 88.85 ± 0.56 |
Water | > 100 | > 100 | > 100 | 98.56 ± 0.74 | |
Andrographolide | 1.797 ± 0.41 | 5.08 ± 3.48 | 9.10 ± 0.61 | 91.58 ± 2.87 | |