Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Mahanintangtong and its constituent herbs, a formula used in Thai traditional medicine for treating pharyngitis

Dechayont, Bhanuz; Phuaklee, Pathompong; Chunthorng-Orn, Jitpisute; Juckmeta, Thana; Prajuabjinda, Onmanee; Jiraratsatit, Kitrawee

doi:10.1186/s12906-021-03274-6

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 Antimicrobial activity against five microorganisms of Mahanintangtong formula and its constituent herbs (n = 3)

From: Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Mahanintangtong and its constituent herbs, a formula used in Thai traditional medicine for treating pharyngitis

Plant name	Extracts type	Diameter of inhibition zone (mm.)^, MIC (μg/mL)^, MBC (μg/mL)^**
Plant name	Extracts type	S. pyogenes	S. aureus	MRSA	P. aeruginosa	C. albicans
Entada rheedii (carbonized)	Ethanol	11.00±0.00^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	11.33±0.58^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	11.21±1.73^, 5^, 5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Entada rheedii (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Spondias pinnata (carbonized)	Ethanol	12.67±2.52, 0.039, 0.039^***	11.33±0.58, 0.625, 0.625^***	12.00±0.00, 0.625, 0.625^***	8.33±0.58, >5, >5^***	0, >5, >5^***
Spondias pinnata (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Sapindus rarak (carbonized)	Ethanol	10.33±1.52^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Sapindus rarak (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, 1.25^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Calamus caesius (carbonized)	Ethanol	0^, 0.3125^, 0.625^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Calamus caesius (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^*
Tectona grandis (carbonized)	Ethanol	13.33±0.58^, 0.078^, 0.078^**	13.00+0.00^, 0.625^, 1.25^**	14.33±0.58^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, 5^**
Tectona grandis (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	8.00±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10.33±1.53^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Dracaena loureiroi	Ethanol	12.33±0.58^, 0.156^, 0.156^**	11.00±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10.33±0.58^, 0.3125^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Dracaena loureiroi	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Myristica fragrans	Ethanol	10.33±1.15^, 0.625^, 0.156^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Myristica fragrans	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Pogostemon cablin	Ethanol	10.33±1.15^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	10.33±2.52^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	11.67±1.53^, 5^, 5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Pogostemon cablin	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	8.33±1.53^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Tiliacora triandra	Ethanol	8.33±0.58^, 0.078^, 0.078^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	8±0.00^, 5^, 5^**	7±0.00^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Tiliacora triandra	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Chinese ink (Inkstick)	Ethanol	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Chinese ink (Inkstick)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Monetaria moneta (Money cowry)	Ethanol	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Monetaria moneta (Money cowry)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 2.5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Mahanintangtong formula	Ethanol	10±0.00^, 0.078^, >5^**	10±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Mahanintangtong formula	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Amoxicillin	NT	35.00±0.00^, 0.016^, 0.0256^**	NT	NT	NT	NT
Ampicillin	NT	NT	43.00±0.00^, 0.25^, 1.56^**	NT	NT	NT
Gentamicin	NT	NT	15.00±0.00^, 0.195^, 0.195^**	10.00±0.00^, >200^, >200^**	12.00±0.00^, 0.195^, 0.39^**	NT
Vancomycin	NT	15.00±0.00^, 0.39^, 0.39^**	45.00±0.00^, 0.003^, 1.92^**	16.00±0.00^, 0.78^, 1.56^**	NT	NT

Means of three measurements + SEM (n = 3). Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin and Vancomycin were tested at 10 μg/disc. NT Not Test, N/A Not Applicab

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Plant name	Extracts type	Diameter of inhibition zone (mm.)^, MIC (μg/mL)^, MBC (μg/mL)^**
Plant name	Extracts type	S. pyogenes	S. aureus	MRSA	P. aeruginosa	C. albicans
Entada rheedii (carbonized)	Ethanol	11.00±0.00^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	11.33±0.58^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	11.21±1.73^, 5^, 5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Entada rheedii (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Spondias pinnata (carbonized)	Ethanol	12.67±2.52, 0.039, 0.039^***	11.33±0.58, 0.625, 0.625^***	12.00±0.00, 0.625, 0.625^***	8.33±0.58, >5, >5^***	0, >5, >5^***
Spondias pinnata (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Sapindus rarak (carbonized)	Ethanol	10.33±1.52^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Sapindus rarak (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, 1.25^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Calamus caesius (carbonized)	Ethanol	0^, 0.3125^, 0.625^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Calamus caesius (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^*
Tectona grandis (carbonized)	Ethanol	13.33±0.58^, 0.078^, 0.078^**	13.00+0.00^, 0.625^, 1.25^**	14.33±0.58^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, 5^**
Tectona grandis (carbonized)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	8.00±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10.33±1.53^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Dracaena loureiroi	Ethanol	12.33±0.58^, 0.156^, 0.156^**	11.00±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10.33±0.58^, 0.3125^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Dracaena loureiroi	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Myristica fragrans	Ethanol	10.33±1.15^, 0.625^, 0.156^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Myristica fragrans	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Pogostemon cablin	Ethanol	10.33±1.15^, 0.039^, 0.039^**	10.33±2.52^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	11.67±1.53^, 5^, 5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Pogostemon cablin	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	8.33±1.53^, 2.5^, 2.5^**	0^, 1.25^, 1.25^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Tiliacora triandra	Ethanol	8.33±0.58^, 0.078^, 0.078^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	8±0.00^, 5^, 5^**	7±0.00^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Tiliacora triandra	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 1.25^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Chinese ink (Inkstick)	Ethanol	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Chinese ink (Inkstick)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Monetaria moneta (Money cowry)	Ethanol	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Monetaria moneta (Money cowry)	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 2.5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Mahanintangtong formula	Ethanol	10±0.00^, 0.078^, >5^**	10±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	10±0.00^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Mahanintangtong formula	Water	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, 0.625^, 0.625^**	0^, 0.625^, 2.5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**	0^, >5^, >5^**
Amoxicillin	NT	35.00±0.00^, 0.016^, 0.0256^**	NT	NT	NT	NT
Ampicillin	NT	NT	43.00±0.00^, 0.25^, 1.56^**	NT	NT	NT
Gentamicin	NT	NT	15.00±0.00^, 0.195^, 0.195^**	10.00±0.00^, >200^, >200^**	12.00±0.00^, 0.195^, 0.39^**	NT
Vancomycin	NT	15.00±0.00^, 0.39^, 0.39^**	45.00±0.00^, 0.003^, 1.92^**	16.00±0.00^, 0.78^, 1.56^**	NT	NT