Table 3 Comparison of histological features of different study groups
Groups | Pathological finding |
|---|---|
Control (CO) | No cartilage degeneration; intact surface |
Osteoarthritis (OA) | Severe cartilage degeneration (greater than 75% affected); formation of granulation tissue with neo vascularization; edema; infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes |
Osteoarthritis received gel contained the nanoemulsion (NG) | Mild cartilage degeneration (11–25%); surface fibrillation; a few scattered lymphocytes; a very mild edema |
Osteoarthritis received the nanoemulsion solution (NS) | Moderate cartilage degeneration (26–50%); moderate fibrillation; infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes |
Osteoarthritis received gel contained Mentha and Rosemary essential oils (EG) | Marked cartilage degeneration (51–75%); neo vascularization; edema; infiltration of mononuclear leucocytes |
Osteoarthritis received gel contained 1% diclofenac sodium (DG) | Mild cartilage degeneration (11–25%); surface fibrillation; a few scattered lymphocytes |