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Table 1 Excluded studies with reasons

From: Biophysical effects, safety and efficacy of raspberry leaf use in pregnancy: a systematic integrative review

Date, Author

Reason excluded

2000, Wilkinson [34]

A literature review on many herbs for morning sickness. No evidence presented on mechanism of raspberry leaf.

1999, McFarlin et al. [35]

Survey of herb used by midwives for induction. No evidence presented on mechanism of raspberry leaf.

2000, Parsons et al. [26]

Article reporting on same retrospective study already in this review.

2002, Vohra [36]

Article on an RCT that did not appear to eventuate.

2002, Brown [37]

A review of the RCT already in this review

2007, Weeson [38]

No evidence presented on mechanism of raspberry leaf.

2008, Venskuton is et al. [39]

Evidence on different constituents on raspberry leaf when grown in different geographical locations, not on mechanism.

2009, Lans et al. [12]

Use in pets – no evidence of mechanism

2009, Holst et al. [14]

A review of the literature

2009, Holst et al. [40]

Survey of mothers

2010, Tiran [41]

Opinion piece

2012, Hall et al. [42]

Review of CIM for induction. No evidence on mechanism

2011, Trillo et al. [43]

An article on a proposed RCT in Spain that did not appear to proceed

2016, Weed [44]

An opinion piece

2017, Gilmartin [45]

Survey of health care professionals

2019, Munoz Balbontin et al. [46]

A Systemic review of many herbal products used in pregnancy and postnatal review. Only identified 3 studies on raspberry leaf that had already been incorporated in this review.