| N | % |
---|---|---|
Characteristics of naturopathic education according to WHO guidelines (n=65) | ||
Minimum 1500 contact hours | 55 | 84.6 |
Minimum 2 years length | 49 | 75.4 |
Minimum 400 supervised clinical hours | 47 | 72.3 |
All three guidelines met | 41 | 63.1 |
No guidelines met | 5 | 7.7 |
Characteristics of naturopathic educational programs (n=25) | ||
 Program length | ||
  2 years | 4 | 16.0 |
  3 years | 8 | 32.0 |
  4 years | 12 | 48.0 |
 Program and Qualification type | ||
  Vocational (Diploma or unspecified qualification level) | 10 | 40.0 |
  Higher education | 15 | 60.0 |
  Undergraduate bachelor’s degree [Australia, Brazil, NZ] | 6 | 24.0 |
  Postgraduate qualification [Canada, Puerto Rico, South Africa, UK, USA] | 9 | 36.0 |
 Qualification delivered by national qualifications’ framework | ||
  aYes | 17 | 68.0 |
  No | 8 | 32.0 |
Characteristics of naturopathic educational institutions (n=25) | ||
 For profit | 15 | 60.0 |
 Not for profit | 9 | 36.0 |
 State | 1 | 4.0 |
Year educational institution first offered naturopathic program | ||
 1956–1975 | 4 | 16.0 |
 1976–1995 | 5 | 20.0 |
 1996–2015 | 14 | 56.0 |
Characteristics of program audits (n=25) | ||
 Schools reporting some type of external audit | ||
  Yes | 19 | 76.0 |
  No | 6 | 24.0 |
 Organizations responsible for external auditsb | ||
  Government | 11 | 30.6 |
  Private | 0 | 0.0 |
  Professional association | 12 | 33.3 |
  Accrediting body | 11 | 30.6 |
  Other | 2 | 5.6 |
 External audit typec | ||
  Governance/quality assurance | 18 | 19.8 |
  Course content, delivery, and assessment | 27 | 29.7 |
  Clinical processes | 20 | 22.0 |
  Financial | 17 | 18.7 |
  Other | 9 | 9.9 |
Characteristics of organizational influence on naturopathic education (n=65) | ||
 Perceived influence of organizations (other than educational institution) on delivery and content of education | ||
  National Professional Association | 49 | 75.4 |
  Regional Professional Association | 13 | 20.0 |
  Accreditation Body | 27 | 41.5 |
  Regulatory Board | 22 | 33.8 |
  National Government | 18 | 27.7 |
  Regional Government | 6 | 9.2 |
  Other Health Professionals | 14 | 21.5 |
  Third-Party Funders | 13 | 20.0 |
  Multi-National Body | 8 | 12.3 |