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Table 4 Zones of inhibition (mm) displayed by combined AFCs with TEO or AVG against pathogenic fungi at 3.0 mg/ml of each tested agent

From: Synergistic antifungal evaluation of over-the-counter antifungal creams with turmeric essential oil or Aloe vera gel against pathogenic fungi

Isolates

Clotrimazole + TEO

Fluconazole + TEO

Ketoconazole + TEO

Terbinafine + TEO

Clotrimazole + AVG

Fluconazole + AVG

Ketoconazole + AVG

Terbinafine + AVG

C. tropicalis (ATCC 66029)

9.6 ± 0.2 bc

8.0 ± 0.0 c

10.0 ± 0.0 a

12.0 ± 0.3 a

7.7 ± 0.0 cd

10.3 ± 1.5 a

7.3 ± 0.1 cd

11.3 ± 1.2 a

C. albicans

10.6 ± 0.2 b

11.0 ± 0.5 b

9.0 ± 0.0 c

8.6 ± 0.8 c

9.0 ± 1.0 c

8.0 ± 2.0 c

7.0 ± 0.0 d

12.7 ± 1.0 a

Penicillium notatum

10.7 ± 0.6 b

11.3 ± 0.6 b

7.7 ± 0.3 d

9.7 ± 0.3 c

9.0 ± 1.0 c

6.0 ± 1.0 e

8.0 ± 1.0 d

13.6 ± 1.3 a

A. fumigatus

9.0 ± 0.6 b

8.0 ± 0.0 b

8.0 ± 0.0 b

8.0 ± 0.0 b

11.0 ± 2.0 a

11.0 ± 1.0 a

10.6 ± 1.7 a

10.7 ± 0.5 a

A. niger

10.0 ± 0.6 a

8.0 ± 0.0 b

7.0 ± 0.0 b

7.0 ± 0.0 b

7.0 ± 1.0 b

7.7 ± 0.5 b

8.6 ± 0.3 b

11.3 ± 0.3 a

A. flavus

9.6 ± 0.2 b

7.0 ± 0.0 c

9.0 ± 0.5 b

11.0 ± 0.5 a

10.0 ± 1.0 a

9.0 ± 1.0 b

7.3 ± 0.3 c

10.7 ± 0.5 a

T. rubrum

6.0 ± 0.5 d

10.3 ± 0.3 b

11.0 ± 0.5 b

9.6 ± 0.3 bc

8.0 ± 0.3 c

10.7 ± 1.3 b

8.0 ± 0.0 c

13.7 ± 0.3 a

T. violceum

10.0 ± 0.6 a

9.3 ± 0.0 ab

9.0 ± 0.5 ab

10.3 ± 1.0 a

10.0 ± 0.0 a

8.0 ± 1.0 b

11.3 ± 0.5 a

10.0 ± 0.0 a

T. mentagrophytes

8.0 ± 0.5 cd

9.0 ± 0.5 c

8.3 ± 0.3 c

7.6 ± 0.3 d

11.7 ± 1.1 b

10.0 ± 2.0 b

12.7 ± 0.0 a

13.7 ± 0.8 a

  1. Value are mean ± SD of replicates (n = 3). Values with the same superscript alphabet along row are not significantly different from each other when P < 0.05