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Fig. 2 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Fig. 2

From: Protective effect of 6-paradol in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Fig. 2

Effect of 6-paradol on H&E staining of acetic acid-induced colitis rat colon. Legend: Effect of 6-paradol at different doses on H&E staining of acetic acid-induced colitis rat colon. NC=Normal control, AC = Acetic acid-induced colitis untreated, SG = Sulfasalazine treated 500 mg/kg, LT = Low-dose 6-paradol (50 mg/kg), MT = Medium-dose 6-paradol (100 mg/kg), HT = High-dose 6-paradol (200 mg/kg). The normal control group (NC) shows well-preserved mucosal crypts, no hypertrophy of goblet cells, normal appearing mucosal lining (black arrows), and healthy submucosa with no inflammation (star). The AC group shows severe active colitis with mucosal erosions, ulceration, and mucosal atrophy (thick black arrows). Haemorrhage is also evident in the mucosa and submucosa (black arrows). There is crypt destruction, dilatation, reduced goblet cells (white arrows), and marked transmural inflammation, including the mucosa and submucosa (star). The SG group shows an almost preserved mucosa with trivial inflammation (thick black arrow), with slightly dilated but overall healthy crypts showing insignificant goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus (black arrows). A mild polymorphic infiltration in otherwise healthy mucosa and submucosa can also be seen (star). The LT group shows mucosal erosions, ulcerations, destruction of mucosal lining, inflammation and haemorrhagic foci (black arrows). Obliteration and destruction of crypts is also manifested (white arrows). Haemorrhagic foci in the submucosa, in addition to inflammatory infiltration, can also be appreciated (star). The MT group shows minor inflammation of the mucosal lining (thick black arrow). However, the cryptic structures are relatively preserved, with only mild dilatation (black arrows). Nevertheless, a number of crypts are infiltrated with inflammatory cells (cryptitis) (white arrow). Some inflammation is also present in the submucosa (star). The HT group shows largely preserved mucosal lining with insignificant inflammation (thick black arrows) and almost undamaged, non-dilated, non-necrotic crypts (black arrows). Nevertheless, there are some prominent goblet cells and foci of micro-haemorrhages, but submucosa is largely unremarkable (star)

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