Characteristic | Regularly Practiced Eye Exercises | Did Not Regularly Practice Eye Exercises | Standardized Differencea, % | P Valueb | Differences Between Means 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 826 | n = 826 | ||||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 10.38 (1.08) | 10.49 (1.18) | −9.1 | 0.206 | (−0.260, 0.056) |
Male, n (%) | 404 (48.91) | 402 (48.67) | 0.5 | 0.920 | (−0.045, 0.050) |
Baseline myopia, diopters, mean (SD) | −3.21 (0.91) | −3.18 (0.95) | 2.9 | 0.564 | (−0.067, 0.123) |
Baseline uncorrected VA, mean (SD) | 0.54 (0.20) | 0.53 (0.22) | 4.4 | 0.438 | (−0.015, 0.034) |
Have eyeglasses at baseline, n (%)c | 114 (13.80) | 113 (13.68) | 0.3 | 0.945 | (−0.034, 0.036) |
Received free eyeglasses, n (%)d | 539 (64.04) | 541 (65.49) | −3.1 | 0.802 | (−0.128, 0.099) |
Near work, h/wk, mean (SD) | 7.78 (3.63) | 7.41 (3.75) | 10.4 | 0.072 | (− 0.034, 0.785) |
Middle distance work, h/wk, mean (SD) | 5.34 (4.35) | 4.98 (4.30) | 8.5 | 0.149 | (− 0.128, 0.836) |
Outdoor time, h/wk, mean (SD) | 8.11 (4.01) | 7.91 (3.94) | 5.2 | 0.409 | (−0.281, 0.689) |
≥ 1 parent wears eyeglasses, n (%) | 365 (44.19) | 322 (38.98) | 10.8 | 0.054 | (−0.001, 0.105) |
≥ 1 Parent with > 12 y of education, n (%) | 174 (21.06) | 176 (21.30) | −0.6 | 0.912 | (−0.046, 0.041) |
Both parents out-migrated for work n (%) | 83 (10.05) | 95 (11.50) | −4.6 | 0.344 | (−0.045, 0.016) |
Family wealth index, mean (SD) | 2.00 (0.77) | 1.97 (0.75) | 3.4 | 0.554 | (−0.059, 0.110) |