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Table 1 Amino acid contents (mg/ml) of the HDE and FHDE

From: Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice

Amino acid (mg/ml)

Before fermentation

Primary fermentation

Secondary fermentation

1-Methylhistidine

NDa

ND

ND

3-Methylhistidine

ND

ND

ND

Alanine

0.259

2.835

0.442

Ammonia

0.270

1.982

1.396

Anserine

ND

ND

ND

Arginine

ND

ND

0.088

Aspartic acid

0.502

1.146

0.728

Carnosine

ND

ND

ND

Citrulline

ND

0.540

0.294

Cystathionine

ND

ND

ND

Cystine

0.125

0.216

0.137

Ethanol amine

ND

ND

ND

Glutamic acid

253.495

200.964

2.778

Glycine

0.069

0.113

0.181

Histidine

ND

0.045

0.073

Hydroxy proline

ND

0.128

0.043

Hydroxylysine

ND

0.041

0.058

Isoleucine

0.012

0.402

0.399

Leucine

0.017

0.283

1.023

Lysine

ND

1.123

0.811

Methionine

ND

0.214

0.215

Ornithine

ND

0.041

0.031

Phenylalanine

ND

0.404

0.280

Phospho ethanol amine

ND

ND

ND

Phosphoserine

ND

ND

ND

Proline

0.117

ND

1.001

Sarcosine

ND

ND

0.030

Serine

0.018

0.070

0.030

Taurine

ND

ND

ND

Threonine

0.006

0.094

0.025

Tyrosine

ND

0.237

0.155

Urea

ND

ND

ND

Valine

0.065

4.840

1.801

α-Amino adipic acid

0.053

ND

0.064

α-Amino-n-butyric acid

0.027

0.229

0.050

β-Alanine

0.005

0.075

0.507

β-Amino isobutyric acid

0.017

0.487

0.281

γ-Amino-n-butyric acid (GABA)

0.133

0.223

92.238

  1. aND is Not Detected