Fig. 3

Effects of FHDE on the gene expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1), aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh2), catalase (CAT), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP₂E₁), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1). NRC, normal control group; NC, negative control group administered with the diet containing 3% ethanol; HDE, administered with the diet mixture containing 3% ethanol and 0.3% HDE; FHDE1 and FHDE3, administered with the diet containing 0.1 and 0.3% FHDE, respectively in the diet containing 3% alcohol. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. Bars with different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)