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Table 1 Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC/MIC ratio of Canarium patentinervium Miq. extracts (mg/ml) and positive control antimicrobial agents (μg/ml) against 4 ATCC bacteria and 9 bacteria and 1 yeast clinical isolates

From: Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from Canarium patentinervium Miq. against bacterial clinical isolates

Bacteria/ yeast

Plant extracts

MBC values (mg/ml)

MIC values (mg/ml)

MBC/MIC ratio, (+) bactericidal; (−) bacteriostatic

Control antimicrobial agents MBC values (mg/ml)

MIC values (mg/ml)

MBC/MIC ratio

LH

LC

LE

BH

BC

BE

PF

CF

WF

Ampicilin

Amphotericin

MSSA ATCC 11632

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

2

2

1(+)

1

1

1(+)

1

1

1(+)

4

0.5

8(−)

4

2

2(+)

1

0.5

2(+)

6.25

1.56

4(+)

NA

MRSA ATCC 43300

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

4

1

4(+)

–

4

1

4(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

2

1

2(+)

1

0.5

2(+)

–

NA

Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876

–

–

1

0.5

2(+)

8

1

8(−)

–

1

0.5

2(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

2

1

2(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

> 25

6.25

NA

Ps.aeruginosa ATCC 10145

–

–

4

1

4(+)

8

4

2(+)

–

–

–

8

4

2(+)

2

1

2(+)

–

NA

MSSA

–

–

4

0.5

8(−)

4

2

2(+)

4

2

2(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

1

0.5

2(+)

4

2

2(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

> 25

> 25

NA

MRSA

–

–

2

0.25

8(−)

8

2

4(+)

–

1

0.25

4(+)

4

0.25

16(−)

4

2

2(+)

1

0.25

4(+)

–

NA

Escherichia coli

–

–

–

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

–

–

–

–

NA

Escherichia coli ESBL

–

> 16/8

–

> 16/8

> 16/8

–

–

–

–

–

NA

Oxacillin-resistant CONS

–

> 16/8

4

1

4(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

8

2

4(+)

4

0.5

8(−)

–

2

0.5

4(+)

1

0.5

2(+)

–

NA

Oxacillin-sensitive CONS

> 16/16

> 16/8

2

0.5

4(+)

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

–

–

1

0.5

2(+)

12.5

8

1.6(+)

NA

Enterococcus faecalis

–

–

4

0.5

8(−)

–

–

4

0.5

8(−)

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

6.25

3.13

2(+)

NA

Klebsiella species

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

16

4

4(+)

16

4

4(+)

2

0.5

4(+)

–

8

4

2(+)

1

0.5

2(+)

> 25

> 25

NA

Kleb.pneumoniae ESBL

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

–

–

2

0.5

4(+)

–

–

1

0.5

2(+)

–

NA

Candida parapsilosis

–

–

8

2

4(+)

> 16

8

–

8

2

4(+)

8

2

4(+)

16

8

2(+)

4

2

2(+)

NA

3.13

0.78

4(+)

  1. LH leaf hexane extract; LC leaf chloroform extract; LE leaf ethanol extract; BH bark hexane extract, BC bark chloroform extract, BE bark ethanol extract; PFpetroleum ether fraction, CF chloroform fraction, WF water fraction, CONS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
  2. -, no activity; NA - not applicable